Method and system for communicating within a messaging architecture using a structured data object

ABSTRACT

A method, system, and computer-program product for communicating within a messaging architecture using a structured data object are disclosed. The method includes identifying a structured data object configured to represent structured data, receiving the structured data at a messaging system, generating a message that includes the structured data, and sending the message. The structured data object is configured to be accessed by an application and the messaging system, and includes a request element and a response element. The sending includes transferring the message via the messaging system.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to providing communications via amessaging system, and, more particularly, to a method and system forcommunicating within a messaging architecture using a structured dataobject.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

As network-based communications (also referred to colloquially as“online” communications) have become increasingly important in thebusiness, academic and personal communications arenas, improvedmechanisms for quickly and efficiently using such functionality havealso become increasingly important. For example, messaging systems(e.g., online chat, instant messaging, and the like) are employed in avariety of settings, from internal business communications to providingcustomer service to social networking.

Such applications employ what are referred to herein as messagingarchitectures, which allow their users to quickly communicate with oneanother by, for example, typing in textual information into a messagingapplication or web page. A properly-designed messaging architecturequickly delivers messages, while providing for future upgrades,scalability, and other avenues of growth. At a basic level, a messagingarchitecture provides functionality such as:

-   -   Accepting messages (e.g., from internal and external sources)    -   Determining the user to whom a given message is to be delivered    -   Routing messages according to such determinations

Central to such an architecture is a server system that includes amessaging server, which is typically a collection of components capableof sending and delivering messages. In addition to mechanisms providedin such a messaging server, other components of such a server system mayinclude a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) server and aDomain Name System (DNS) server. Many enterprises have existing LDAPservers, databases, and related infrastructure that can be used inconjunction with a messaging server to provide support for theaforementioned sending and delivery of messages.

One example of such messaging is online chat, which may refer to anykind of communication over a network (e.g., the Internet) that offers areal-time (or near real-time) direct transmission of messages (e.g.,text-, voice-, or video-based messages) from a sender to a receiver.Such an online chat system may provide point-to-point (e.g., one-on-one)communications, as well as multicast communications (i.e.,communications from one sender to many receivers). Voice- andvideo-based chat may, for example, be supported as a feature of a Webconferencing service. In a push-mode architecture, messages flow betweentwo (or more) people using personal computers, “smartphones,” or othercomputing devices. Along with shared clients, such messaging techniquesmay offer real-time (or near real-time) direct written-language-basedcommunications, typically conveyed over a network (e.g., the Internet).Such techniques may be configured to provide point-to-pointcommunications, as well as multicast communications (i.e., the abilityto send messages from one sender to many receivers). Online chat hasbecome popular in enterprise collaboration (e.g., in customer service)and social networking.

However, despite the advanced features offered by today's messagingsystems, the available technologies fail to adequately address certainaspects of messaging systems in a This Patent Application ContainsInformation Confidential to Oracle International ORACLE CONFIDENTIALvariety of applications, as well as the needs of users employing suchmessaging systems. For example, interactions between a user and themessaging system employed typically involve numerous human-initiatedoperations and human interpretation of the information thus conveyed.

One shortcoming of today's messaging systems is that such systems failto provide an easy-to-use mechanism for conveying information betweensuch systems and other applications the messaging system user mayemploy. When using online chat as a separate communication channel withunstructured data (e.g., text), several challenges exist. For example,chat data is not integrated into the systems used, requiring manycopy-and-paste operations. This is particularly problematic incommercial settings, where, for example, a customer servicerepresentative typically conducts several conversations simultaneously,and thus may have not only several messaging dialogues open at once, butalso some number of application dialogues. Clearly, keeping track of somany dialogue windows (and which ones belong to which conversation) canbe tremendously challenging. Further, the other party's response may notbe formatted properly and/or contain the proper information for use bythe application program employed. This requires mental processing andre-typing of the information into the application program's dialogue,further complicating the process.

One solution to the aforementioned problems involves participants in amessaging session completing a survey in advance of communicating withother parties via the messaging system (sometimes referred to, in anonline chat environment, as a “pre-chat survey”). In such a scenario, aset of questions is presented to potential participants before themessaging session begins, in order to collect information regarding theparticipant and their needs (e.g., information about a customer andtheir situation). However, such an approach is not without its problems.For example, a pre-chat survey creates a barrier between participants(e.g., a customer service agent and customer) by forcing one or more ofthem to complete such a questionnaire prior to communicating with otherparticipants, potentially causing the customer to abandon the messagingsession before the session has even begun. Further, a pre-chat surveycannot be used during a messaging session, only beforehand. Furtherstill, a pre-chat survey supports only predefined questions, in apredefined order, whether or not any given question presented therein ispertinent to the user and/or the situation at hand. Having to wadethrough a number of questions (some of which may be completelyirrelevant to the user and their situation) only serves to frustrateusers and discourage them from using the messaging system to communicatewith other participants.

Another solution to the aforementioned problems involves messagingsession participants collaborating by way of common access to somemanner of collaborative web site. This may be accomplished using what isreferred to in certain scenarios as “joint form filling,” by“co-browsing” a web site that affords simultaneous access, or some othersuch approach. In a system that supports “joint form filling,” theparticipants both access a web page by way of a “co-browsing” feature,with one user (e.g., a customer) completing a web page that the otheruser (e.g., an agent) can also view (and thus direct entry ofinformation by the first user). Certain such systems support “joint formfilling” by allowing cutting-and-pasting from other windows into thechat window.

However, this alternative also suffers from a variety of drawbacks. Suchproblems include a lack of security (both/all users can see theinformation entered, as discussed in greater detail subsequently), theneed for a separate web page (which results in the messaging sessionbecoming fragmented), the mandatory presentation and completion of theentire questionnaire (with the attendant problems thereof, includingincreased complexity and overhead for both parties), and theresource-intensive nature of such an approach (having toload/view/complete a completely separate web page/document), among othersuch shortcomings.

Further, the aforementioned cut-and-paste features are only useful inpersonal collaboration when both parties can see and access the sameform—a situation that can prove problematic. In the CRM context, forexample, sharing the agent's forms with customers can be particularlyawkward because such forms are configured to address the agent's needs,not those of the customer (and may, in fact, allow a party to seeinformation meant solely for the other party's use). Moreover, becausethe shared interactive web application and the messaging window must bepresented in two separate browser windows, mobile users are unable toview the message communications when interacting with the sharedinteractive web application. In such systems, the two partiesinteracting must also maintain separate windows for the messagingsession and form.

In this vein, another possible solution is the use of a collaborativeapproach that employs two or more web sites, or some combination of website(s) and application program(s). In such an “out-of-band” approach(in which certain operations, actions, communications, and the like takeplace via a communications channel other than the primary communicationschannel), users essentially run a messaging system and a separate website or application program in tandem. In such an approach, theparticipants employ collaborative structures that allow for thecreation, viewing, and editing of documents by launching a separatedocument-based dialog window. However, opening such documents in windowsseparate from that of the messaging session fragments the conversation(causing inefficiency, errors, and, ultimately, frustration), and failsto provide a single, comprehensive view of the messaging session. Suchproblems only become worse as the number of such documents (and so,windows in the user interface) are opened.

Further, existing solutions define supported types of documents must bedefined prior to the messaging session, causing the same issues as thosefaced by approaches employing a “pre-chat survey.” If no such documentis defined prior to the messaging session, communications devolve intothe usual unstructured format (with the attendant problems such systemsare intended to address). Further, given that one or more communicationschannels other than the primary communications channel are employed(i.e., the messaging system), no record of such communications aremaintained (at least with regard to recording mechanisms extant in theprimary communications channel).

As alluded to earlier, another usability problem encountered in thedesign and operation of messaging systems pertains to security andprivacy concerns. For example, because messaging system transcripts aredisplayed in plain text, user concerns with regard to the need for usersto enter sensitive information often arise (e.g., in order to verifytheir identities by entering personal identification numbers (PINs), thelast four digits of their SSNs, or other such confidential information).Even though the security of a messaging session may be guaranteed by thenetworking protocol employed, messaging system users often expressconcern over security and privacy issues, at least because suchinformation appears as plain text in the messaging session's transcripts(rather than being masked, as would normally be the case when completingweb forms). In this regard, users of such systems suffer from the lossof a sense of security, in that sensitive information (e.g., socialsecurity numbers, passwords, and other such sensitive information) isnot masked or otherwise protected. There is thus a need to provide aneasy-to-use mechanism for maintaining the security of informationconveyed thereby, while avoiding inefficiency and complexity.

To address user's security concerns, some messaging systems simplyadvise users not to enter personal or sensitive information into themessaging session. Instead, certain approaches have users employ theaforementioned “pre-chat survey,” redirecting users to a separate secureweb site (e.g., an SSL-protected web page). As noted, such an approachis something less than ideal, causing fragmented and confusinginteractions, thereby causing errors and compromising user satisfaction,among other failings. Another approach is to provide messaging servicesonly to authenticated customers (but not to the general public), therebydrastically restricting the use of such communications and preventingthe general use of such communications (in particular, without the needfor a priori information, such as a username and password for the site).

Another alternative to address security concerns might be the use ofpattern-matching techniques to identify and then mask certain types ofsensitive information (e.g., Social Security Numbers, credit cardnumbers, and so on) in messaging system transcript display and storage.However, as an initial matter, such pattern matching must be performedprior to or simultaneously with a message being submitted into amessaging session. Even if such masking were achievable, there would beno opportunity to edit a response, once the information was submittedinto the messaging session (in fact, a problem faced by all existingtechniques that submit information into a messaging session). Further,such identification and masking experiences errors with regularitysufficient to raise users'concerns. Further still, the use of patternmatching typically fails to comprehend sensitive information that doesnot have a specific pattern (e.g., certain account identifiers,passwords, and other such information that varies in length andcontent).

What is therefore needed is a messaging architecture that provides forefficient interaction between a messaging system of the messagingarchitecture and one or more applications. Preferably, such a messagingsystem should provide for an efficient and secure user interface wheneffecting the communication of information using such a messagingsystem. Further, such a messaging system should improve the efficiencyand security provided by such a messaging system when interacting withother applications.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, a method, system, and computer-program product forcommunicating within a messaging architecture using a structured dataobject are disclosed. The method includes identifying a structured dataobject configured to represent structured data, receiving the structureddata at a messaging system, generating a message that includes thestructured data, and sending the message. The structured data object isconfigured to be accessed by an application and the messaging system,and includes a request element and a response element. The sendingincludes transferring the message via the messaging system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention may be better understood, and its numerousobjects, features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in theart by referencing the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating an example of a user interfaceof a messaging system, in which a customer's dialogue with an agent isdisplayed.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating an example of a user interfaceof a messaging system, in which a customer's dialogue with an agent(including confidential customer information) is displayed

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a user interface ofa messaging system, in which a customer's dialogue with an agent isdisplayed, according to embodiments of the present invention

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a web architecturesupporting a messaging architecture according to embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a client-serverarchitecture supporting a messaging architecture according toembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 11A is a block diagram illustrating an example of a client-serverarchitecture supporting a messaging architecture, depicting features ofa client system and a server system, according to embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIG. 11B is a block diagram depicting various layers of a messagingservices stack according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 11C is a block diagram illustrating an example of a data modelaccording to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 11D is a flow diagram illustrating a generic example of operationsperformed in sending information to/receiving information from a clientusing a messaging system, according to embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram depicting certain features of a server systemand other components of an enterprise messaging architecture, accordingto embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram depicting features of a structured dataframework architecture according to embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an enterpriseresource interface architecture according to embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a structured dataobject (SDO) data model set, according to embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an SDO data modelset, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a structured dataservice architecture according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in pushing an object to and receiving an object from a clientusing a messaging system, according to embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 19 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in identifying structured data to be pushed via messagingsystem, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in retrieving structured data and transferring that structureddata from an application program to a messaging system, according toembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in requesting structured data from an application program,according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in transferring structured data from an application program toa messaging system, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in pushing structured data via a messaging system, accordingto embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in conveying a response containing structured data to anapplication program, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the insertion of structured data into a web chat isdepicted.

FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the insertion of structured data into a web chat isfurther depicted.

FIG. 27 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the insertion of structured data into a web chat isdepicted.

FIG. 28 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the insertion of structured data into a web chat isfurther depicted.

FIG. 29 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the insertion of structured data into a web chat isfurther depicted.

FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating examples of a dialogue presentedby a messaging system according to embodiments of the present invention,in which the insertion of structured data via a drop-down menu isdepicted.

FIG. 31 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the insertion of structured data via a specialprompt is depicted.

FIG. 32 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the results of inserting structured data via adrop-down menu or a special prompt is depicted.

FIG. 33 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the editing of structured data entered via adrop-down menu or a special prompt is depicted.

FIG. 34 is a block diagram depicting certain features of a server systemand other components of a web messaging architecture, according toembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a dynamic formobject (DFO) data model set, according to embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 36 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the elements andoperations involved in implementing a messaging-enabled web application,according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 37A is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in identifying an input field for a DFO to be pushed viamessaging system, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 37B is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in identifying multiple input fields for a DFO to be pushedvia messaging system, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in transferring a dynamic form from a web application to amessaging system, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in pushing a dynamic form via a messaging system, according toembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of the operationsperformed in receiving a dynamic form at a messaging system, accordingto embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 41A is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, in which customer information is depicted.

FIG. 41B is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 41C is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichthe creation of a dynamic form is depicted.

FIG. 41D is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichthe insertion of a dynamic form into a web chat is depicted.

FIG. 41E is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichinformation from a dynamic form automatically populates certain fieldsof the web application's user interface.

FIG. 41F is a block diagram illustrating another example of an agentdialogue presented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichinformation from a dynamic form automatically populates certain fieldsof the web application's user interface.

FIG. 42A is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichthe web application's user interface provides support for input fieldselection/submission functionality.

FIG. 42B is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichthe use of selection/submission functionality is depicted.

FIG. 42C is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichthe use of selection/submission functionality is further depicted.

FIG. 42D is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichinformation from a dynamic form automatically populates certain fieldsof the web application's user interface.

FIG. 43 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of the operationsperformed in conducting a messaging session according to embodiments ofthe present invention.

FIG. 44 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the operations andmessages involved in conducting a messaging session according toembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 45 is a block diagram illustrating example user interfacesdisplayed during a messaging session according to embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIG. 46 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of the operationsperformed in conducting a messaging session according to embodiments ofthe present invention.

FIG. 47 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the operations andmessages involved in conducting a messaging session according toembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is a block diagram illustrating example user interfacesdisplayed during a messaging session according to embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIG. 49 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a customerdialogue presented by a messaging system according to embodiments of thepresent invention, in which an example of input validation is depicted.

FIG. 50 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention, in which the insertion ofstructured data into a web chat, by an agent, is depicted.

FIG. 51 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention, in which a reply by a customer,via structured data, is depicted.

FIG. 52 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention, in which the structured datainserted data into a web chat supports resubmission of the data enteredthereby.

FIG. 53 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention, in which an example of thesubmission/resubmission of data are depicted.

FIG. 54A is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention, in which the masking of inputfields in the customer dialogue is depicted.

FIG. 54B is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichthe masking of input fields in a dynamic form in the agent dialogue andautomatically-populated input fields of the web application's userinterface is depicted.

FIG. 55 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a customerdialogue presented by a messaging system accessed by a user interface ofa mobile application, according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 56 is a block diagram depicting a computer system suitable forimplementing aspects of the present invention.

FIG. 57 is a block diagram depicting a network architecture suitable forimplementing aspects of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following is intended to provide a detailed description of anexample of the invention and should not be taken to be limiting of theinvention itself. Rather, any number of variations may fall within thescope of the invention which is defined in the claims following thedescription.

Introduction

As discussed, online (e.g., web-based) messaging systems have become astandard communication channel in social networking, commercialsettings, and government applications. For example, in a commercialsetting, online messaging is a primary customer contact channel forcompanies, especially in the sales and customer service arenas. Awell-implemented strategy in this regard can transform a business'sability to drive sales, increase productivity, achieve operationalsavings, and deliver an excellent customer experience.

In such a customer relationship management (CRM) setting, thecommunication pattern carried out by a customer service agent assistinga customer can be viewed as a Question/Answer/Lookup (QAL) process(though, in fact, the last activity in this paradigm can be any activityin furtherance of or related to the interaction taking place). In thequestion phase of this paradigm, an agent asks a customer a question. Inthe answer phase, the customer replies to the agent, providing the agentwith the requested information. Finally, in the lookup stage, the agentuses the answer submitted in the messaging session to perform actionssuch as identifying the customer, locating relevant information, orother such actions.

In order to address the aforementioned problems with usability,security, integration, and other such issues, embodiments of the presentinvention facilitate messaging communications through the provision ofGUI (graphical UI (user interface)) elements such as form widgets (orother comparable constructs) within online messaging conversations.Instead of asking questions in free-form (unstructured) text, an agentis able to send a form to a customer, as a part of a message. Thecustomer is then able to complete the form in the customer's messagingwindow, and submit the completed form into the messaging session. In sodoing, the customer is able to send a response with the completed datafrom the customer's computing system to that of the agent. Such “inline”forms structure customer input data in the messaging session, such thatthe information can more easily be interpreted and used by the agent inupdating system applications, and can even be used to provide suchfunctionality automatically.

Embodiments of the present invention enjoy a number of advantages overexisting approaches. For example, as compared to various of theearlier-mentioned collaborative approaches, a messaging system accordingto embodiments of the present invention provide the requisitefunctionality within the user interface presented by the messagingsystem (i.e., within the messaging session), rather than having toresort to multiple windows, manual cutting-and-pasting, and other suchmachinations. Further, as a result of the “in-band” approach employed, amessaging system according to embodiments of the present invention isable to provide a single, coherent view of the messaging session forboth (or all) participants. Such a messaging system is also able tomaintain a record of the communications that occur, including anymessages that contain forms and/or associated information. Such anin-band approach also allows messaging sessions employing forms to beconducted using mobile devices. Further still, a messaging systemaccording to embodiments of the present invention facilitatescommunication through the ability to create and send forms that arecreated dynamically (“on-the-fly”), rather than being limited to apre-defined set of message types.

As noted earlier, some messaging systems allow for simple cut-and-pasteoperations (e.g., communicating information pasted from anotherapplication, in order to support joint form filling), but force bothparties to use the same form. By contrast, a messaging system accordingto embodiments of the present invention allow an agent to useapplications, web forms, and the like that are geared to the needs ofthe agent, while presenting the customer with forms that are geared tothe customer's needs. Conversely, joint form filling implementationsare, by definition, incapable of providing different interfaces todifferent participants, at least because such joint accessing andcompletion can only be achieved by the presentation of the same form toboth parties. In a messaging system according to embodiments of thepresent invention, the messaging system creates a new form (e.g.,dynamically, using pushed input fields), so that confidentialinformation (e.g., customer rating information) that might be containedin a form in the agent's console isn't visible on the customer'sinterface.

Further, in implementations of messaging systems according toembodiments of the present invention that provide support for mobileapplications, customers employing mobile devices are able view othermessage communications (e.g., textual portions of a messaging session)when interacting with a form that an agent has submitted into amessaging session. Such interactions are made possible by the “in-band”nature of such a system's communications and user interface. This is incontrast with the need for two separate user interface windows (e.g., ashared web page and a messaging window) mandated by the use of existingtechnology.

In light of the aforementioned advantages, as well as others discussedsubsequently (and still others that will be evident from the presentdisclosure as a whole), it will be appreciated that a messaging systemthat allows agents to avoid the need to manually enter or copy-and-pastecustomer data across different interfaces is both desirable andadvantageous. These and other such advantages are illustrated in theexamples now and subsequently presented.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating an example of a user interfaceof a messaging system, in which a customer's dialogue with an agent isdisplayed. FIG. 1A depicts a chat dialogue 100 presented to a customercommunicating with an agent (in this example, of a fictitious travelagency referred to as “Travel Magic”). Within chat dialogue 100, textualcommunications between the customer and the agent can be seen. As isoften the case in such situations (e.g., a web chat), the agent posesquestions to the customer and the customer responds with the requestedinformation. In the example depicted in FIG. 1A, the agent inquires withthe customer as to the particulars of arrangements for travel that thecustomer wishes to book. Information provided by the customer (depictedin FIG. 1A as travel arrangements 140) include information such as thelocations between which travel is to occur (depicted in FIG. 1A aslocations 110), in this case, San Francisco, Calif., and Boston, Mass.Travel arrangements 140 also include information regarding departure andreturn dates (depicted as date information 120 in FIG. 1A). Otherinformation that may be needed by the agent can include departure and/orarrival times (depicted in FIG. 1A as times 130), as well as otherinformation, such as the carrier to use, the mode of transportation, andother such information. As will be appreciated, a customer service agentfaced with such a situation will have to somehow vet the customer'sresponses and enter such information into the application in use by theagent (e.g., by cutting-and-pasting the information, typing in theinformation by hand, or other such machinations).

Clearly, a user (e.g., agent) employing such a messaging system faces anumber of challenges. First, because messaging sessions (e.g., chattranscripts (the text content in the chat session)) are unstructured andnot integrated into other system applications, copy-and-pastefunctionality or duplicated typing across different user interfaces isrequired, in order to use the data entered by a customer. For example,when identifying a customer, an agent might ask for the customer's nameand their company's name. After the customer enters the requisiteinformation and submits that information into the messaging session, theagent must then copy and paste the requisite information (e.g.,keywords) from the messaging window to the customer profile managementinterface. Sometimes, the free-form chat response from a customer mustbe mentally processed by the agent and then confirmed with the customer.As another example, if a customer indicates that she “should” beavailable “next Wednesday” for an onsite visit, in order to follow thegrammatical rules specified by the agent's company, the agent has tofigure out the exact date, confirm that date with the customer, andenter that date into the company's calendar to create an event.Unstructured data that requires re-entry among one or more differentinterfaces makes the use of such messaging systems inefficient anderror-prone. By marked contrast, embodiments of the present inventionavoid the aforementioned problems by allowing users to submit one ormore forms into the messaging session, providing a flexible solutionthat provides a single, comprehensive view of the messaging session andinformation conveyed thereby

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating an example of a user interfaceof a messaging system (of a fictitious printer company, “Printana,Inc.”), in which a customer's dialogue with an agent (includingconfidential customer information) is displayed. Alternatively, asdepicted in FIG. 1B, confidential or otherwise sensitive information maybe needed by the agent, in order to assist the customer with theirneeds. A chat dialogue 150 is depicted in FIG. 1B, and reflects thecommunication of such information between a customer and an agent. Insuch scenarios, the customer may need to provide confidential,sensitive, or otherwise personal information, in order to allow theagent to assist the customer. Such confidential information may includeinformation such as the customer's name (depicted in FIG. 1B as nameinformation 160), information regarding the customer's social securitynumber (depicted in FIG. 1B as social security number information 170),or other such information. As will be appreciated, a customer may bereluctant to provide such information to a person not known to them,regardless of that other person's ostensible position within the companythe customer has contacted.

However, in embodiments of the claimed invention, forms are communicatedas messages, which provides numerous and valuable advantages. In thequestion phase, instead of typing a question in plain text, an agent isable to forward a form to a customer. The form is posted as a messageinto the messaging session, ready for the customer to complete. In theanswer phase, the customer completes the form that appears in themessaging session and then submits the completed form back into themessaging session. The submission generates a new message with a list of(possibly read-only) name-value pairs. The name is the label ofindividual input fields on the form, and the value is the input data.Treating form forwarding and form submission as separate messagesprovides a single, complete view of the messaging session to bothparties by maintaining a record of such messaging transactions. Becauseform data is structured, the lookup phase can be automated. At the endof the lookup phase, the lookup results, as well as associated actionbuttons (if necessary), are appended at the end of the form submissionmessage in the agent view of the messaging session. Form re-submissionis also straightforward. Customers can generate a new message byentering different data and re-submitting the form.

One of the advantages of embodiments of the present invention includethe availability of form features in the messaging session. In additionto automating the lookup phase without requiring agents to manually“move” data between the messaging application window and otherapplications, support for the use of forms in messaging sessionsenhances the user experience of the QAL paradigm by exploiting theform's features.

First, form widgets, such as a date/time picker, choice list, or inputwith auto-complete, can be leveraged to improve the input efficiency atthe customer side. For example, instead of typing in a long string ofthe model number of a problematic printer, a customer can choose themodel from a choice list populated by the model numbers from all theprinters that he has bought. Moreover, the customers need only to typein the required values (for example, “John Smith”) without the extratyping to describe what the values are about (for example, “my name isJohn Smith”). Such input efficiency improvement can be significant tothe customers who are using mobile devices to chat since typing inmobile devices is known to be slow and unwieldy. Such features arediscussed, for example, in connection with FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and 5, below.

Second, web forms can mask sensitive data submission without specifyingpatterns to match the specific data types. As a result, the same senseof security gained from a web form submission process can be achievedduring a chat session. Based on privacy configurations, sensitive datasubmissions can be either masked only on the customer side or masked onboth sides, automatically launching the system process without revealingsensitive information to the agent, as discussed subsequently inconnection with FIG. 6.

Third, data validation supported by forms can automatically detectcertain types of input errors from customers and thus prevent invaliddata from being submitted, which is impossible with text-based chat.Form-based data validation not only reduces network traffic, but alsorelieves agents from manually validating customer data, as described,for example, in connection with FIGS. 7 and 8, below.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a user interface ofa messaging system according to embodiments of the present invention, inwhich a customer's dialogue with an agent is displayed. FIG. 2 depicts achat dialogue 200 that can display, for example, a form submitted(“pushed”) into the messaging communications between the agent and thecustomer, according to embodiments of the present invention. In theexample depicted in FIG. 2, chat dialogue 200 includes an itinerary form205, which appears in messaging session pane 210. Itinerary form 205includes a departure city field 220 and a destination city field 225.Information regarding the departure and destination cities can beentered into departure city field 220 and destination city field 225manually, or the customer can avail themselves of drop-down menus (anexample of which is depicted in FIG. 2 as drop-down menu icons 226 and227).

Turning to departure/return dates in itinerary form 205, once this formhas been pushed to the customer by the agent's submission of the forminto the messaging session, the customer is able to enter the desireddeparture and return dates (and, optionally, times). Once again, in themanner of using itinerary form 205, the customer can enter and/or returndates and times in itinerary form 205 by manually typing the requisiteinformation into the input fields of itinerary form 205, or by usingdrop-down menus to enter the information. For example, a user can entera departure date in a departure date field 230 manually, or by selectinga date from a drop-down menu accessed from a drop-down menu icon 231.Similarly, the user can enter the date of return in a return date field232, either manually or by selecting a date using a drop-down menu icon233.

In the example depicted in FIG. 2, the customer has selected drop-downmenu icon 233, resulting in the display of a calendar 235. Calendar 235allows the customer to select the desired date from the dates displayed,and/or scroll through other dates (e.g., months of a given year), andselect the desired date from the month and year to which the customerhas scrolled. The customer can select the time of day for departure andreturn by manually entering a time in a departure time field 240, or byselecting a time of day from a drop-down menu (accessed by selecting adrop-down menu icon, an example of which is depicted in FIG. 2 as adrop-down menu icon 241). Similarly, the customer can provide a time atwhich the customer desires to return by entering the desired time of dayin a return time field 242. Alternatively, the customer can select adrop down menu icon 243, and select from the times of day presented inthe resulting menu displayed.

In certain embodiments, the messaging system can present the customerwith default values in one or more of the aforementioned fields. Forexample, in itinerary form 205, departure time field 240 and return timefield 242 are shown as having been presented to the customer with adefault value of “Anytime” (signifying that the customer has nopreference as to the time of day for departure/return).

Once the customer is satisfied with the entries in itinerary form 205,the customer selects a submit button 250. If the customer makes amistake in entering information on itinerary form 205, or wishes to makea change to the information entered therein, the customer can clear theexisting entry/entries by selecting (i.e., “clicking on”) a reset button252 (the selection of a button causing the activation of the button'sfunctionality). As will be appreciated, providing the customer with theability to enter such information directly into a form, which can thenbe communicated to the agent as single, complete response, greatlysimplifies the tasks required of the agent, whether to obtaininformation necessary to assist the customer or perform some otherfunction. Advantages of this approach include a marked reduction in theefforts required of the agent to query the customer, as well as areduced risk of errors in the information thus obtained.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention (depicted in FIG. 3 as an agentchat dialogue 300 and a customer chat dialogue 310). As before, inconnection with chat dialogue 200, agent chat dialogue 300 depicts aform pushed into the chat by the agent (depicted in FIG. 3 as a form320). Once the agent sends form 320 to the customer (e.g., by selectinga send button 325 and submitting the form into the messaging session),the customer receives form 320 in customer chat dialogue 310 as a form330. It will be appreciated that, in the depiction of form 320 in FIG.3, the various UI elements are depicted as disabled. This represents aconfiguration in which an agent using agent chat dialogue 300 is able tomonitor information as the customer enters the information, but is notpermitted to make any changes to the information or effect any actionsthereby. As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure,other alternatives for the presentation of such information and theimplementation of such functionality can be realized in a messagingsystem according to embodiment of the present invention. Suchalternatives are discussed subsequently, for example in connection withFIGS. 51, 52, and 53.

In the manner of itinerary form 205, form 330 provides the customer withthe ability to enter a departure/destination cities and departure/returntimes/dates, either manually or by using one or more drop-down menus. Asbefore, form 330 also provides a submit button 332 and a reset button334, with functionality comparable to that of such earlier-describedelements. As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure (andparticularly, discussions in connection with certain subsequentfigures), the various elements of form 330 (e.g., submit button 332 andreset button 334) are depicted as remaining enabled, and thus, allow forthe re-submission of information via form 330. As will be appreciated inlight of the present disclosure, other alternatives for the presentationof such information and the implementation of such functionality can berealized in a messaging system according to embodiment of the presentinvention. Such alternatives are discussed subsequently, for example inconnection with FIGS. 51, 52, and 53.

Upon selection of submit button 332 by the customer, the results of suchselection are displayed in agent chat dialogue 300, as well as customerchat dialogue 310. The selection of submit button 332 results in thedisplay of textual information, in a form 340, in agent chat dialogue300 and textual information, in a form 345, in customer chat dialogue310. In a manner comparable to the presentation of other suchfunctionality, the messaging system presents a search button 350 in form340. Search button 350 allows the agent to submit the relevantinformation provided by the customer (and so appearing in form 340) toone or more application programs used by the agent to provide therequisite information and/or services to the customer (e.g., searchingfor flights in an online flight reservation system). As will beappreciated in light of the present disclosure (and particularly,discussions in connection with certain subsequent figures), the processof submitting the relevant information to the one or more applicationprograms can, in fact, be performed automatically, upon submission ofthe information into the messaging session.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention. FIG. 4 depicts the state of agentchat dialogue 300 and customer chat dialogue 310 later in their “onlineconversation” (messaging session). At this point, the agent hassubmitted information (regarding the customer's desireddeparture/destination cities and departure/return times/dates) to theenterprise application software using search button 350. The agent thenpushes the results of the search to the customer into the messagingsession with the customer (depicted in FIG. 4 as a form 400 in agentchat dialogue 300, and as a form 410 in customer chat dialogue 310). Aspart of pushing this information into the messaging session, a yesbutton 420 and a no button 430 appear as part of form 410. Yes button420 and no button 430 allow the customer to accept or decline thereservations proffered by the agent.

As can be seen, the messaging system can be designed to update a formsuch as form 320 in agent chat dialogue 300 to reflect informationentered by the customer and changes made thereto. As can also be seen inFIGS. 3 and 4, once the customer submits the information via the form inquestion, the information submitted via the form then appears as text(possibly in another form) in agent chat dialogue 300. Also, it will beobserved that search button 350 is depicted in FIG. 4 as being disabled,a result of form 340 having been used to submit the information thusreceived to the online flight reservation system and the desire toprevent the agent from mistakenly resubmitting the information.Alternatively, search button 350 could be configured to remain enabled,thereby allowing for the resubmission of the information in form 340.Further still, such a configuration could be employed to allow the agentto submit the information appearing in form 340 while that informationwas being entered by the customer (such that, in a given scenario, theagent could “pre-enter” some (or even all) of such information, in orderto overlap such operations with the customer's entry thereof, therebypotentially saving time during such interactions). These and otheralternatives are discussed subsequently, for example in connection withFIGS. 51, 52, and 53.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating another example of an agentdialogue and a customer dialogue presented by a messaging systemaccording to embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 5 depicts anagent chat dialogue 500 and a customer chat dialogue 510, as well as theforms associated with a messaging session between the agent and thecustomer, in which the customer is able to provide information to theagent that the agent can then use to determine availability of thecustomer's desired alternative. In the scenario depicted in FIG. 5, theagent searches for flights that meet the customer's requirements, usingthe dates and times proposed by the customer. In this manner, the agentsends a form comparable to itinerary form 205 of FIG. 2 to the customer(depicted in FIG. 5 as a form 520 in agent chat dialogue 500, and a form530 in customer chat dialogue 510). It will be appreciated that, in theexample depicted in FIG. 5, the departure and destination cities areassumed to have been identified earlier in the messaging session. Thiscan be accomplished using a form comparable to itinerary form 205 ofFIG. 2, which can include, for example, information regarding departureand destination cities.

Once the customer submits their desired departure and return dates andtimes using form 530, this information appears in a form 540 in agentchat dialogue 500. Included in form 540 is a search flights button 550.In certain embodiments, the selection of search flights button 550 bythe agent results in information regarding departure and destinationcities from form 540, as well as departure and return dates and timesfrom form 530 to be submitted to the application software (e.g., aflight reservation system). As can be seen, then, a messaging systemaccording to embodiments of the present invention can be present agentsand customers (among other such users) with actionable items that cancause the associated messaging system (and/or associated enterpriseapplication systems, web application systems, and other such systems) totake single or multiple inputs.

It should be noted that, as depicted in FIG. 5, the reset and submitbuttons of form 530 remain enabled, despite the information enteredtherein having been submitted into the messaging session (and so,appearing as form 540 in agent chat dialogue 500). As will be discussedin further detail in connection with FIGS. 52 and 53 (albeit in aslightly different configuration), such a mechanism allows a customer tore-submit the given form into the messaging session (e.g., a customeraccessing the messaging system via customer chat dialogue 510 couldchange the departure date and resubmit form 530 into the messagingsession). Such functionality and associated alternatives are discussedin detail in connection with FIG. 51.

Further, support can also be provided for what is referred to herein as“active monitoring” (the ability of the messaging system to presentchanges in form 530 in the corresponding form in agent chat dialogue500. This is depicted in FIG. 5 (as well as other figures herein) by wayof the information entered into form 530 also appearing in form 520.This allows the agent to view the information entered by the customer asthat information is entered into the form submitted into the messagingsession by the agent (e.g., information entered into form 530 appears inform 520, as that information is entered into form 530). Thus, forexample, an agent sees the form in the messaging transcript as one to becompleted by the customer (also including, typically, the various otherelements in the form (e.g., the (disabled) Submit and the Reset buttonsdepicted in form 520)). In a CRM environment, active monitoring can beextended to the form resubmission, as well, such that the agent ispresented with a preview of the form, as the customer completes theform, and so, can stand ready to provide appropriate assistance asnecessary. Such functionality and associated alternatives are discussedin detail in connection with FIGS. 52 and 53.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system during amessaging session between an agent and a customer, according toembodiments of the present invention. In the messaging session depictedin FIG. 6, an agent, having requested (and received) the customer'sname, then inquires as to a user's confidential information (e.g., thecustomer's social security number), as can be seen in the agent andcustomer chat dialogues depicted in FIG. 6 (and which are depicted inFIG. 6 as an agent chat dialogue 600 and a customer chat dialogue 610).The communications depicted in FIG. 6, referred to herein as a“messaging session” (and depicted in FIG. 6 as a messaging session 615),include the communications between the agent (using agent chat dialogue600) and the customer (using customer chat dialogue 610). Thesecommunications appear in messaging session 615 a number of text-basedand form-based messages, and include a form 617 (in which the agentinquires as to the customer's name) and a corresponding form 619 (inwhich the customer provides his name in response).

As can be seen in FIG. 6, the elements of forms 617 and 619 are depictedas being disabled. In the aforementioned fashion, this represents aconfiguration in which an agent using agent chat dialogue 300 is able tomonitor information as the customer enters the information, but is notpermitted to make any changes to the information or effect any actionsthereby. Similarly, the customer using customer chat dialog is preventedfrom making further changes to the information thus entered (e.g.,useful in a situation in which it is preferable not to allow thecustomer to change/re-enter certain information). In the scenariodepicted in FIG. 6, the messaging system is configured to automaticallydisable such fields upon the submission of the form into the messagingsession. As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure,other alternatives for the presentation of such information and theimplementation of such functionality can be realized in a messagingsystem according to embodiment of the present invention. Suchalternatives are discussed subsequently, for example in connection withFIGS. 51, 52, and 53.

Messaging session 615 also includes the provision of a form to thecustomer that requests the customer's confidential information (depictedin FIG. 6 as a form 620 in agent chat dialogue 600, and a form 630 incustomer chat dialogue 610). In a situation similar to that positedearlier, the agent in this example finds him/herself in need of thecustomer's confidential information (in this scenario, the customer'ssocial security number). Rather than request that the customer type intheir social security number “in the clear” (i.e., without masking theactual information with placeholders such as asterisks), as before, theagent can instead send form 630, which is configured to mask thecustomer's social security number (depicted in FIG. 6 as confidentialinformation 640). Moreover, once the customer submits their socialsecurity number using form 630, confidential information 640 can remainmasked, and so appear in form 620 as masked confidential information650. Thus, the customer's confidential information can remain maskedthroughout the process, and be submitted to the given applicationwithout ever having been visible to either party. Further still, form630 can, via the messaging system, be configured to not only maskconfidential information 640 but also to encrypt this information in amanner that protects confidential information 640 and does so in amanner that can only be unencrypted within the given application. Aswill be appreciated from the present disclosure, in masking theconfidential information in both agent chat dialogue 600 and customerchat dialogue 610, the example depicted in FIG. 6 assumes that theconfidential information is automatically communicated from the forms inthe messaging session to the application in question, by the messagingsystem.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention. FIG. 7 depicts yet anothermessaging session between an agent and a customer that is presented inan agent chat dialogue 700 and a customer chat dialogue 710. In thisscenario, the agent presents a form to the customer in order toautomatically identify the customer's company and name (depicted in FIG.7 as a form 720 and agent chat dialogue 700, as well as a form 730 incustomer chat dialogue 710). As can be seen in FIG. 7, the customer isable to enter their first name, last name, and company in form 730, andcan then submit that information to the agent via the messaging session.The results of such an operation are presented in connection with FIG.8, discussed subsequently.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention. FIG. 8 depicts the messagingsession between the agent (in agent chat dialogue 700) and the customer(in customer chat dialogue 710) at a later point and time. At thisjuncture, the customer has entered their first name, last name, andcompany name into form 730. Once the customer has entered the requisiteinformation, the customer submits this information to the agent byselecting a submit button 740 on form 730. This information appears inagent chat dialogue 700 as textual information in a form 800, and astextual information in a form 810 displayed in customer chat dialogue710.

As a result of the messaging system's capabilities and the functionalitybuilt into the forms that are generated, operations such as theidentification of a customer can be performed as part of the generationin display of a form in agent chat window 700, for example (e.g., form800). In the scenario depicted in FIG. 8, form 800 includes a customeridentification alert field 820 and an account number field 830. Based onthe first name, last name, and company name information provided by thecustomer, the functionality provided by form 830 is able to interactwith one or more applications in order to attempt to identify thecustomer. In the scenario depicted in FIG. 8, the customer (“John Smith”of “Kingo's”) is identified, as is reflected by the informationpresented in customer identification alert field 820. With the customerhaving been identified, the messaging system (via form 800) presents theagent with the salient information (e.g., the customer's account number(e.g., 1234567), presented in account number field 830).

In the example depicted in FIG. 8, another feature of a messaging systemaccording to embodiments of the present invention is shown, in whichsuch a messaging system is configured not only to interact with anapplication, but is further capable of presenting information in themessaging session. Using such an approach, the messaging system providesfor closer integration of the messaging application and the systemapplication. For example, such integration can be employed not only toautomatically initiate application functionalities such as those justdiscussed, but can also allow the application/messaging system to beconfigured to automatically submit one or more results from the systemfunction in question (or other such functions) into the messagingsession. Thus, the messaging system can be configured to automaticallyprovide a response appropriate to the result of the customer's havingsubmitted the now-completed form into the messaging session (e.g.,depicted in FIG. 8 as the sentiment, “Thank you—Kingo's account has beenidentified.”). As will be appreciated, such automation provides thecustomer with a pleasant, efficient interaction, while reducing theagent's workload. The approach can also be used, as another example, ingenerating yes button 420 and no button 430 in FIG. 4, in which those UIelements can be automatically generated and submitted (or even theentire form depicted as form 410) into the messaging session depicted inFIG. 4. Other aspects of this latter alternative are discussed inconnection, for example, FIGS. 43-48.

Example Messaging System Architectures, Data Models, and Process Flow

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a web architecturesupporting a messaging architecture according to embodiments of thepresent invention. FIG. 9 depicts a web architecture 900 that includesan internetwork (depicted in FIG. 9 as an internet/wide area network(WAN) 910), which couples a number of intranets to one another (depictedin FIG. 9 as intranets 920(1)-(N)). Intranets 920(1)-(N), in turn, caninclude a number of components, such as one or more clients (depicted inFIG. 9 as clients 925(1)-(N)) and/or web servers (depicted in FIG. 9 asweb servers 930(1)-(N)). Clients 925(1)-(N) and/or web servers930(1)-(N) can, for example, be implemented as computer systems such asthose described in connection with FIGS. 51 and 52. Internet/WAN 910thus couples intranets 920(1)-(N) to one another, thereby allowingclients 925(1)-(N) and web servers 930(1)-(N) to communicate with oneanother. As is depicted in FIG. 9, clients 925(1)-(N) can becommunicatively coupled to one another and to web servers 930(1)-(N) aspart of one of intranets 920(1)-(N), or directly via internet/WAN 910.Similarly, web servers 930(1)-(N) can be coupled via intranet/WAN 910via a direct connection to intranet/WAN 910, or as part of one ofintranets 920(1)-(N).

Web architecture 900 also provides for communication via intranet/WAN910 using one or more other devices. Such devices can include, forexample, a general packet radio service (GPRS) client 940 (e.g., a“smart phone” or comparable mobile device), a secure web client(depicted in FIG. 9 as a secure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS)client 950), and a cellular phone using standard texting protocols(depicted in FIG. 9 as a simple messaging service (SMS) client 960).HTTPS client 950 can be, for example, a laptop computer using the HTTPSecure (HTTPS) protocol. Support for GPRS clients, SMS clients, HTTPclients, and the like thereby provide users with messaging functionalityaccording to embodiments of the present invention in a mobileenvironment. As is also depicted in FIG. 9, SMS client 960 cancommunicate via internet/WAN 910 via several channels. SMS client 960can communicate directly, for example, with an SMS gateway 965, which,in turn, communicates with internet/WAN 910 via a messaging gateway 967and, optionally, elements within intranet 920(3), for example.Alternatively, SMS client 960 can, via SMS gateway 965, communicate withintranet 920(3) (and so, internet/WAN 910) via public messaging services970 to which SMS gateway 965 and intranet 920(3) are connected.

As is also depicted in FIG. 9, a client 925(4) is also able tocommunicate via internet/WAN 910 by way of public messaging services 970and intranet 920(3). In order to support such communications, as well asother communications according to embodiments of the present invention,intranet 920(3) includes a server system 980, as well as providing for anumber of clients (now shown), in the manner of intranet 920(2). Serversystem 980 includes a number of elements that allow server system 980 tosupport messaging communications according to embodiments of the presentinvention. Among these elements are a web server 985, a messaging server990, an application server 992, a database server 994, and a directoryserver 996, among other possible such servers, in communication with oneanother. Various configurations of the elements of server system 980 arediscussed in greater detail, for example, in connection with FIGS. 11,12, and 34.

It will be appreciated that, in light of the present disclosure, thevariable identifier “N” is used in several instances in various of thefigures herein to more simply designate the final element of a series ofrelated or similar elements (e.g., intranets 920(1)-(N), clients925(1)-(N), and web servers 930(1)-(N)). The repeated use of suchvariable identifiers is not meant to imply a correlation between thesizes of such series of elements. The use of variable identifiers ofthis sort does not require that each series of elements has the samenumber of elements as another series delimited by the same variableidentifier. Rather, in each instance of use, the variable identified by“N” may hold the same or a different value than other instances of thesame variable identifier.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a client-serverarchitecture supporting a messaging architecture according toembodiments of the present invention. FIG. 10 depicts a web architecture1000 that includes a database server cluster 1010, a web server cluster1020, and a number of clients (depicted in FIG. 10 as clients1030(1)-(N)) communicatively coupled to web server cluster 1020 by aninternetwork (depicted in FIG. 10 as internet 1040). As will beappreciated in light of the present disclosure, a server cluster is agroup of independent servers that can be managed as a single system, andso provide higher availability, easier manageability, and greaterscalability. In the present scenario, database server cluster 1010 is aserver cluster providing database facilities, which is architected usingclustering techniques. In so doing, database server cluster 1010 is ableto provide advantages such as load balancing, high availability, and thelike, by breaking up the data to be accessed by the servers of webserver cluster 1020 (e.g., breaking a database into “shards”), byallowing separate data sources to be accessed separately, and so on.Similarly, web server cluster 1020 is a group of computer systemsexecuting web server software (e.g., HTTP servers) that collectivelyprovide a web page delivery mechanism, with advantages comparable tothose noted above.

In turn, web server cluster 1020 includes a number of servers1050(1)-(N), each of which support one or more server-side webapplications (depicted in FIG. 10 as server-side applications1060(1)-(N)). As noted, clients 1030(1)-(N) access servers 1050(1)-(N)via internet 1040. More specifically, each of clients 1030(1)-(N)support one or more browsers (depicted in FIG. 10 as browser1070(1)-(N), which, in turn, each support one or more client-side webapplications (depicted in FIG. 10 as client-side web applications1075(1)-(N)). Each of client-side web applications 1075(1)-(N) isconfigured to communicate with one or more of server-side webapplications 1060(1)-(N), as is depicted in FIG. 10.

In order to support such communications, browsers 1070(1)-(N) can beconfigured to access one or more servers of web server cluster 1020 viainternet 1040, and more specifically, by accessing a Domain Name System(DNS) server 1080. A DNS is a hierarchical, distributed naming systemfor computers, services, and other resources connected to a networksupporting DNS (e.g., the Internet or a private network). A DNSassociates various information with domain names assigned to each of theparticipating entities. For example, browser 1020(3) on client 1030(3)can access DNS server 1080 in order to determine an internet protocol(IP) address of server 1050(2). Use of a DNS also allows for loadbalancing, referred to as DNS balancing.

DNS balancing is an easy and efficient mechanism for implementing a website that can process more web traffic than might otherwise be the case.DNS balancing involves executing multiple copies of the site on separatephysical servers. The DNS server for the hostname of the site (e.g.,www.travelmagic.com) is configured to direct access requests such thatdifferent access requests are directed to different ones of thoseservers. This can be accomplished in a number of ways, such as by havingthe DNS server return more than one internet protocol (IP) address forthe hostname (e.g., return multiple IP addresses for the site, fromwhich the requesting browser can choose) or returning a different IPaddress for each DNS request received, for example. In any event, thisresults in the distribution of accesses across the web servers of webserver cluster 1020, although from the perspective of a given one ofbrowsers 1070(1)-(N), there is only one web site. Alternative approachesfor load balancing include, for example, techniques such as round-robinDNS balancing, hardware-based load balancing, software-based loadbalancing, reverse proxying, content spreading across hosts, contentspreading across outsourced providers, and other such techniques.

Once browser 1020(3) is in communication with server 1050(2),client-side web application 1075(3) is then able to communicate withserver-side web application 1060(2). In so doing, client-side webapplication 1075(3) and server-side web application 1060(2) are able toaccess information stored in one or more of the databases maintained indatabase server cluster 1010. In certain embodiments, client-side webapplications 1075(1)-(N) can be implemented as an AJAX client (a clientsupporting an Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) framework). AJAX isa group of interrelated web development techniques used on theclient-side to create asynchronous web applications. Such client-sideweb applications can be implemented in JavaScript and extensible markuplanguage (XML) using related web development techniques, includingjQuery and Java Script Object Notation (JSON). jQuery is a cross-browserJava Script library designed to simplify the client-side scripting ofhypertext markup language (HTML), while JSON is a lightweight, text-baseopen standard design for human-readable data interchange. On the serverside, server-side web applications 1060(1)-(N) can be implemented, forexample, using any number of approaches for such server-side support(e.g., including Java, C# and .NET, Ruby on Rails, the PHP HypertextProcessor (or more simply, PHP) scripting language, and/or other suchtechnologies, typically some manner of a general-purpose server-sidescripting language). As will be discussed subsequently, embodiments ofthe present invention can take advantage of the aforementionedmechanisms and facilities, in order to provide additional advantages intheir implementation.

In the context of a messaging system according to embodiments of thepresent invention, a web architecture such as web architecture 1000 cansupport various features of such a messaging system using a number ofmechanisms. For example, support for the transitioning of messagingsessions between servers can be provided by the maintenance ofinformation (e.g., information maintained on a computer system as a typeof “cookie” or other small amount of data, sent from a website andstored for access by a web browser), which is depicted in FIG. 10 as anumber of cookies (cookies 1090(1)-(N)). Cookies 1090(1)-(N) maintaininformation regarding the state of a given messaging session (ormultiple messaging sessions), allowing the messaging session(s) to bepassed from one server to another, and thus, facilitating load balancingand failure recovery.

Alternatively, state information for a messaging session can be kept onthe server side (e.g., at one of servers 1050(1)-(N) (depicted in FIG.10, e.g., as server-side state information 1095)), or maintained in adatabase used to support the messaging system (e.g., session informationcan be maintained in a database in database server cluster 1010(depicted in FIG. 10, e.g., as a session information database 1097)).Server-side maintenance of messaging session information and managementthereof can be managed by a particular server tasked with thisresponsibility, or can be shared among servers (and/or transferredbetween servers). Another alternative is to configure the DNS server(e.g., DNS server 1080) to manage the messaging sessions by sendingaccesses to different servers (e.g., the selection of one or morecertain URLs/links can be sent to one server, while the selection ofother URLs/links are sent to another server; DNS server 1080 can beconfigured to send such accesses to various ones of servers 1050(1)-(N)according to a round-robin (or other) scheduling paradigm, or by way ofsome other comparable mechanism). Clearly, the functionalities providedby a messaging system according to embodiments of the present inventionsupport the implementation of a wide array of features that allow usersto communicate in a particularly effective and efficient manner.

FIG. 11A is a block diagram illustrating an example of a messagingarchitecture according to embodiments of the present invention (depictedin FIG. 11A as a messaging architecture 1100). In the implementationshown in FIG. 11A, messaging architecture 1100 employs a client-serverarchitecture, such as, generally, that discussed in connection with FIG.12. Among other elements, messaging architecture 1100 thus includes aclient system 1105 and a server system 1110, as well as one or moreenterprise systems (depicted in FIG. 11A as enterprise systems 1115). Ascan also be seen, client system 1105 and server system 1110 arecommunicatively coupled to one another by a network 1116.

Client system 1105 serves as an example of various of the clientsdepicted in FIG. 9 (e.g., one of clients 925(1)-(N), GPRS client 940,HTTPS client 950, SMS client 960, or other such clients). As part ofmessaging architecture 1100, client system 1105 provides support for abrowser 1120, which is capable of presenting a user with, for example, apage employing a generic markup language or the like (depicted in FIG.11A as an HTML page 1122). HTML page 1122, in turn, presents the userwith a section 1124, and more specifically, a form 1126 presentedtherein. HTML page 1122 receives information regarding form 1126, fordisplay as part of section 1124, from a server within server system 1110via network 1116.

Server system 1110 can comprehend a number of subsystems, including, forexample, a web server 1130, a user information database 1135, and asession information database 1136. Web server 1130 is configured toaccess user information database 1135 to obtain user identificationinformation, such as mappings between a user's instant messaging (IM)identifier and their user identifier (e.g., user_id). Similarly, sessioninformation database 1136 can maintain information such as the messagescommunicated between users engaged in a messaging session. Server system1110 also provides web server 1130 with access to web pages (e.g.,depicted in FIG. 11A as a web page 1137) and one or more webapplications (e.g., depicted in FIG. 11A as web applications1138(1)-(N)). The foregoing can be implemented, for example, in a mannersuch as that discussed in connection with FIG. 10.

Server system 1110 also provides support for messaging by way of amessaging system 1140, to which web server 1130 is communicativelycoupled. Messaging system 1140, in certain embodiments, includes aframework 1142 and a messaging server 1143. Messaging server 1143 isable to communicate with framework 1142 via a framework interface 1144,and facilitates messaging services by way of supporting the requisiteprotocols (e.g., Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)).Similarly, messaging server 1143 supports one or more messaging applets(depicted in FIG. 11A as a messaging applet 1145). In addition to beingable to communicate with web server 1130 via various communication pathsand mechanisms, messaging system 1140 is able to communicate with theelements of enterprise systems 1115, and more specifically, with theresources (depicted in FIG. 11A as resources 1147) and applicationprograms (depicted in FIG. 11A as application programs 1149) ofenterprise systems 1115.

Messaging system 1140, as noted, is also able to communicate with webserver 1130 via a variety of communication paths and mechanisms. Forexample, messaging server 1143 can communicate directly with web server1130, as well as doing so by way of its support of messaging applet 1145and the communications between messaging applet 1145 and web server1130. Framework 1142 can communicate with web server 1130 via messagingserver 1143 using framework interface 1144 of messaging server 1143, orby communicating with web server 1130 directly. In this manner,information from application programs 1149 and/or web applications (webapps) 1138(1)-(N) can be communicated to and from browser 1120 in HTMLpage 1122 via network 1116. By way of further example, the output ofmessaging applet 1145 (representing information from applicationprograms 1149 and/or web applications 1138(1)-(N)) can be conveyed viaweb server 1130, and presented in HTML page 1122 as form 1126.

FIG. 11B is a block diagram depicting various layers of a genericexample of a messaging services stack according to embodiments of thepresent invention. FIG. 11B depicts the elements of a messaging servicesstack 1150 that is configured to support operations of theaforementioned architectures. As such, messaging services stack 1150allows for the definition, location, and implementation of the requisiteservices needed to support the interactions occurring in a messagingarchitecture according to the embodiments of the present invention.Messaging services stack 1150 includes a web layer 1152, a serviceslayer 1154, and a database layer 1156. These layers reflect the softwareservices provided in an architecture such as web architecture 1000 ofFIG. 10, and support a messaging architecture such as messagingarchitecture 1100 of FIG. 11A.

In turn, web layer 1152 of messaging services stack 1150 includes a webserver 1160 and a messaging server 1161. Web server 1160 and messagingserver 1161 access the elements of services layer 1154 and databaselayer 1154 via a repository access interface 1162, which is also acomponent of web layer 1152 (at least on a conceptual level). Serviceslayer 1154, in turn, provides the elements of web layer 1152 with accessto the elements of database layer 1156 via a number of frameworkadapters (depicted in FIG. 11B as framework adapters 1165(1)-(N)) and adata definition adapter 1166. The elements of services layer 1154provide a layer of abstraction over the information maintained indatabase layer 1156 and allow for a generic interface thereto, as wellas allowing of a more configurable interface by way of supporting datadefinition using data definition adapter 1166. Information to be accessby the elements of web layer 1152 (e.g., web server 1160 and messagingserver 1161), database layer 1156 maintains a number of repositories(depicted in FIG. 11B as one or more repositories 1168), the definitionof which can be maintained in a data definition repository 1169, forexample, thus providing the aforementioned configurability by way ofmaintaining information regarding the structure and contents ofrepositories 1168. A data definition repository such as data definitionrepository 1169 can include, for example, certain metadata, as well asinformation regarding data access and analytical engines needed to gainaccess to the information and perform the necessary operations, whenaccessing repositories 1168.

FIG. 11C is a block diagram illustrating a generic example of a datamodel according to embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 11C is anexample of a generic data model, and is depicted in FIG. 11C as a datamodel 1170. Data model 1170 is appropriate for use in architecting amessaging system according to embodiments of the present invention, forexample. Data model 1170 includes a data object 1171, representative of,for example, a structured data object, a dynamic form object, or othersuch object configured for use in a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention. Data object 1171 can include, forexample, a data object declaration 1172. In data model 1170, data object1171 and data object declaration 1172 have a one-to-one (1:1)relationship. The single line between data object 1171 and data objectdeclaration 1172 signifies this relationship. In turn, data objectdeclaration 1172 can include one or more method descriptions (depictedin FIG. 11C as a method description 1174). In data model 1170, dataobject declaration 1172 and method description 1174 have a one-to-many(1:N) relationship, indicating that a data object declaration such asdata object declaration 1172 can be associated with one or more methoddescriptions. Similarly, method description 1174 can be associated withone or more operations (an example of which is depicted in FIG. 11C asan operation 1176). In data model 1170, method description 1174 andoperations such as operation 1176 also share a one-to-many (1:N)relationship, as signified by the branching line between methoddescription 1174 and operation 1176. In turn, operation 1176 can includeone or more parameters (an example of which is depicted in FIG. 11C as aparameter 1178). In the aforementioned manner, the relationship betweenoperation 1176 and parameter 1178 is a one-to-many (1:N) relationship.

FIG. 11D is a flow diagram illustrating a generic example of operationsperformed in sending/receiving information to/from a client using amessaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. Theprocess of FIG. 11D begins with a determination as to whether a commandto send information via the messaging system has been received (step1180). While awaiting the receipt of such a command, the process loops(step 1180).

Once the messaging system receives such a command, the messaging systemperforms processing to identify the information to be sent via themessaging system (step 1182). More detailed examples of such operationsare discussed in connection with FIG. 19 (e.g., with respect to astructured data object (SDO)), and FIGS. 37A and 37B (e.g., with respectto a dynamic form object (DFO)).

Having identified the information to be sent, the information (or accessthereto) is transferred from the application to the messaging system(step 1184). More detailed examples of such operations are discussed inconnection with FIGS. 20, 21 and 22 (e.g., with respect to an SDO), andFIG. 38 (e.g., with respect to a DFO).

The messaging system then submits the information into the messagingsession (step 1190). More detailed examples of such operations arediscussed in connection with FIG. 23 (e.g., with respect to an SDO) andFIG. 39 (e.g., with respect to a DFO).

The messaging system then awaits a response from the other party (orparties) to the messaging session (step 1192). Once a response isreceived (step 1192), the messaging system performs the operationsnecessary to communicate such response to the application (step 1194).More detailed examples of such operations are discussed in connectionwith FIG. 24 (e.g., with respect to an SDO) and FIG. 40 (e.g., withrespect to a DFO). A determination is then made as to whether themessaging session is to end, or to await further commands to pushobjects and/or their associated information into the messaging sessionvia the messaging system (step 1196).

As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure, each of theoperations of FIG. 11D may be executed by a module (e.g., a softwaremodule) or a portion of a module, or a computer system user. Thus, theabove-described method, the operations thereof and modules therefor maybe executed on a computer system configured to execute the operations ofthe method and/or may be executed from computer-readable media. Themethod may be embodied in a machine-readable and/or computer-readablemedium for configuring a computer system to execute the method. Thus,the software modules may be stored within and/or transmitted to acomputer system memory to configure the computer system to perform thefunctions of the module.

The software modules described herein may be received by a computersystem, for example, from computer-readable media. Such computerreadable media may be permanently, removably or remotely coupled to thecomputer system. Computer-readable media may non-exclusively include,for example, any number of the following: magnetic storage media(including disk and tape storage media); optical storage media such ascompact disk media (e.g., CD ROM, CD R, etc.) and digital video diskstorage media; nonvolatile memory storage memory includingsemiconductor-based memory units such as FLASH memory, EEPROM, EPROM,ROM or application specific integrated circuits; and volatile storagemedia (including registers, buffers or caches, main memory, RAM, etc.).In a UNIX-based embodiment, the software modules may be embodied in afile, which may be a device, a terminal, a local or remote file, asocket, or other such element. Other new and various types ofcomputer-readable media may also be used to store and/or transmit thesoftware modules discussed herein.

Example Messaging System Architectures and Processes SupportingApplication Programs

In a messaging system (e.g., a CRM agent-customer environment), a usersuch as a customer service agent can use predefined forms to gatherinformation from other users (e.g., customers or coworkers). A list offrequently asked questions is defined, and a form is designed for eachquestion beforehand. At the front end, appropriate form widgets arechosen with proper input masking (for sensitive data) and validation,while at the back end, the automatic system flow is defined to consumeinformation submitted via the customer form.

During the messaging session, such predefined forms can be inserted intothe message input area (e.g., messaging entry pane), either by selectingan insert button or, perhaps more efficiently, by typing a specialprompt in the chat input area. When a form is inserted, users can editthe form before submitting the form into the messaging session, such astyping more help text above or below the form. If a user changes theirmind, the user can close the form to undo the insertion. The list ofpredefined forms available for insertion can be dynamic and contextsensitive. For example, before a customer is identified, all thecustomer-specific forms can be hidden. This list can thus serve ashelpful guidance for agents to follow (e.g., when assisting customerswith specific problems). Eventually, the form and any accompanying textare submitted into the messaging session.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram depicting certain elements and features of aserver system and other components of an enterprise messagingarchitecture 1200, according to embodiments of the present invention. Aswill be appreciated from the present disclosure, enterprise messagingarchitecture 1200 provides greater detail regarding the elements of aserver system such as server system 1110 with respect to aimplementation in which access by (and to) application programs (e.g.,in an enterprise) is provided. In the manner of messaging architecture1100, enterprise messaging architecture 1200 provides a client system1210 that supports a browser 1215, and provides browser 1215 with accessto a server system 1220 via a network 1225. Server system 1220, in themanner of server system 1110, supports a number of servers and systems,in order to provide the requisite web services and messagingfunctionality. Among these elements are a web server 1230 and amessaging system 1235.

In enterprise messaging architecture 1200, web server 1230 and messagingsystem 1235 provide support for one or more messaging applications thatallow messaging communications between users accessing server system1220. Within an enterprise, for example, a user might access serversystem 1220 (and more specifically, messaging system 1235) through theuse of a messaging application such as one or more of messagingapplications 1240(1)-(N). In order to support such messagingcommunications, messaging system 1235 includes a messaging server 1250,which, in turn, includes a messaging repository 1255. Messaging system1235 can also provide for a structured data framework 1260, whichsupports a messaging paradigm that includes the ability to pushstructured data into a message-based messaging session. To support suchoperations, structured data framework 1250 includes a structured dataframework (SDF) manager 1262, a framework type repository 1264, aframework instance repository 1266, and a framework metadata repository1268, among other such elements.

Server system 1220 supports communications with enterprise systems bydirect communication, as well as via constructs such as resourceinterface modules 1220 (which include, e.g., a resource query module1272 and a resource invocation module 1274) and structured data objects(SDOs) 1275(1)-(N). As will be appreciated in light of the presentdisclosure, messaging system 1235 is designed to convey an SDO such asone of SDOs 1275(1)-(N) (or, alternatively, the structured datarepresented/stored thereby and/or information associated therewith,and/or access thereto) between an application program and/or a messagingapplication (e.g., one of messaging applications 1240(1)-(N)), andclient system 1210, via network 1225 and web server 1230. In so doing,such structured data is conveyed (e.g., in a message) to client system1210, for presentation in a GUI in which the message is presented (e.g.,browser 1215) as a form, for example.

Resource interface modules 1270 support communication between SDF 1260and one or more resources (depicted in FIG. 12, e.g., as resources1280(1)-(N)) via a server bus 1285. Resource interface module 1270 andresources 1280(1)-(N) are also able to use service bus 1285 tocommunicate with one or more application programs (depicted in FIG. 12as application programs 1260(1)-(N)). Information from applicationprograms 1290(1)-(N) are communicated to structured data objects1275(1)-(N) via a corresponding one of messaging application interfaces(MAIs) 1291(1)-(N) and adapters 1292(1)-(N), as illustrated in FIG. 12.By providing both messaging system 1235 (and more specifically,structured data framework 1260) and application programs 1290(1)-(N),enterprise messaging architecture 1200 is able to allow users ofmessaging applications 1240(1)-(N) and users accessing server system1220 via their browsers (e.g., browser 1215), and thereby communicatestructured data from one to the other.

Further, messaging functionality is provided in enterprise messagingarchitecture 1200, at least in part, by providing messaging system 1235(and more particularly, SDF 1260) and application programs 1290(1)-(N)(via MAIs 1291(1)-(N) and adapters 1292(1)-(N)) with access to SDOs1275(1)-(N). To this end, as will be appreciated in light of the presentdisclosure, SDOs 1275(1)-(N) are depicted in FIG. 12 as being accessedby both SDF 1260 and application programs 1290(1)-(N). In such ascenario, enterprise messaging architecture 1200 can provide messagingsystem 1235 and application programs 1290(1)-(N) with shared access toSDOs 1275(1)-(N), for example. In another embodiment, messaging system1235 and application programs 1290(1)-(N) can alternate accessing SDOs1275(1)-(N) under the control of SDF 1260 or on “a first come, firstserved” basis, for example. In fact, any one of a number of methods canbe used to provide SDF 1260 and application programs 1290(1)-(N) withaccess to SDOs 1275(1)-(N). Alternatively, SDOs 1275(1)-(N) can bepassed between messaging system 1235 and application programs1290(1)-(N). The foregoing alternatives, as well as other alternativescomparable thereto, are intended to come within the scope of the presentdisclosure, which is therefore intended to comprehend such alternatives.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram depicting certain elements of a structureddata framework architecture according to embodiments of the presentinvention. FIG. 13 depicts a structured data framework (SDF)architecture 1300, which is an example of a data architecture that canbe used in a structured data framework according to embodiments of thepresent invention, such as SDF 1260 of FIG. 12. SDF architecture 1300provides further detail as to examples of constructs that can be used increating a structured data framework. Central to SDF architecture 1300is an SDF manager 1310, which is comparable, in at least certain of itsfeatures and functionalities, to SDF manager 1262 of FIG. 12.

In SDF architecture 1300, an SDF manager 1310 (e.g., comparable to SDFmanager 1262) is designed to access a framework type repository (FTR)1320, a framework instance repository (FIR) 1322, and a frameworkmetadata repository (FMR) 1324, among other such constructs. SDF manager1310 accesses FTR 1320 via a framework type repository (FTR) applicationprogramming interface (API) 1330 and an FTR adapter 1335. In so doing,SDF manager 1310 is able to store and retrieve type descriptions such astype descriptions 1340(1)-(N) to and from FTR 1320. Type descriptions1340(1)-(N) provide information used in the instantiation of SDOinstances. An SDO type also allows for the identification of a messagingsession to which the SDO type relates, and in so doing, givesparticipants a common understanding of the information beingcommunicated and its context. In certain embodiments, this relationshipcan be designed in a manner similar to the programming concept of aclass and an object.

In similar fashion, SDF manager 1310 is able to access FIR 1322 via anFIR API 1350, and an FIR adapter 1355. In so doing, SDF manager 1310 isable to store and retrieve instance descriptions such as instancedescriptions 1360(1)-(N) to and from FIR 1322. SDO instances are thusstored in FIR 1322. As noted, the instantiation of SDO instancesrepresented by instance descriptions 1360(1)-(N) can employ informationmaintained in type descriptions 1340(1)-(N).

Similarly, SDF manager 1310 is also able to access FMR 1324 via an FMRAPI 1370, and an FMR adapter 1375. In so doing, SDF manager 1310 is ableto store and retrieve metadata such as metadata 1380(1)-(N) to and fromFMR 1324. As will be appreciated form the present disclosure, FMR 1324stores metadata (e.g., metadata 1380(1)-(N)) that describes SDOinstances (e.g., the description of certain aspects of instancedescriptions 1360(1)-(N)). Additionally, as can be seen in FIG. 13, theapplication programming interfaces FTR API 1330, FIR API 1350, and FMRAPI 1370 are depicted as dashed boxes, in order to demonstrate that,while such APIs may include other software modules, FTR API 1330, FIRAPI 1350, and FMR API 1370 primarily represent the definition of theinterface between SDF manager 1310 and their respective repositories.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an enterpriseresource interface architecture according to embodiments of the presentinvention. FIG. 14 depicts an example of an enterprise resourcearchitecture 1400 and the elements thereof, comparable to certainelements depicted in FIGS. 12 and 13. Enterprise resource architecture1400 includes a messaging server 1410, a structured data frameworkmanager 1420 (configured to manage an SDO 1425 (e.g., its transfer anduse)), a framework instance repository 1430 (configured to managestructured data objects, such as an SDO 1425), a framework metadatarepository 1440 (communicatively coupled to framework instancerepository by a data adapter 1450), and one or more resource interfacemodules (depicted in FIG. 14 as resource interface modules 1460). Aswill be appreciated in light of the present disclosure, messaging server1410 is comparable to messaging server 1250 of FIG. 12, and structureddata framework manager 1420 is comparable to SDF manager 1262 therein.As will be further appreciated, framework instance repository 1430 iscomparable to FIR 1266 of FIG. 12, and framework metadata repository1440 is comparable to FMR 1298 therein. Resource interface modules 1460are comparable to resource interface modules 1270 of FIG. 12.

Thus, in operation (as well as the manner described in connection withFIG. 13), SDF manager 1420 causes SDO 1425 to be stored in FIR 1430.Further, data adapter 1450 can query FIR 1430 (periodically, if desired,or on an as-needed basis) to determine the state of any recently-updatedSDO instances. Such a determination can be made, for example, usingmetadata retrieved from FMR 1440 (that, possibly, has been retrieved viaresource interface modules 1270). This provides agents with the abilityto query and track messaging sessions, as well as make such informationavailable to other applications (e.g., via resource interface modules1270).

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a structured dataobject (SDO) data model set, according to embodiments of the presentinvention. FIG. 15 depicts a SDO data model set 1500, in which astructured data object 1510 is defined. Structured data object 1510 isbased on an SDO type 1520, which defines, at least in part, the dataobject type of SDO 1510. As will be appreciated in light of the presentdisclosure, the data model of SDO data model set 1500 can be used, forexample, in defining structured data objects such as SDOs 1275(1)-(N) ofFIG. 12. Further in this regard, information such as SDO type 1520 canbe maintained in the data stores within a structured data framework suchas SDF 1260 of FIG. 12 (e.g., FTR 1264).

Structured data object 1510 includes various elements, including one ormore pre-processing elements 1530, request elements 1540, responseelements 1550, and post-processing elements 1560. Pre-processingelements 1530 generally include elements that are used in defining theattributes of the given SDO prior to its use (e.g., if the SDO's useallowed in the given circumstances). Conversely, post-processingelements 1560 provide for operations that are to occur after the givenSDO is used (e.g., providing feedback in the given circumstances,interfacing with an application (e.g., a web application), and thelike). A comparable relationship exists between request elements 1540and response elements 1550, which provide for definitions regardinginformation requests made via the given SDO (e.g., the programmaticconstructs used to represent the form sent to the customer by the agent)and the information received in reply (e.g., the programmatic constructsused to represent the information sent in reply thereto).

FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an SDO data modelset, according to embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 16 depictsan SDO data model set, such as that depicted in FIG. 15, in greaterdetail (and which appears in FIG. 16 as an SDO data model set 1600). SDOdata model set 1600 includes a structured data object 1610, which isbased on an SDO type 1612. SDO type 1612 defines, at least in part, thedata object type of SDO 1610. As will be appreciated in light of thepresent disclosure, the data model of SDO data model set 1600 can beused, for example, in defining structured data objects such as SDOs1275(1)-(N) of FIG. 12. Further in this regard, information such as SDOtype 1612 can be maintained in the data stores within a structured dataframework such as SDF 1260 of FIG. 12 (e.g., FTR 1264).

Structured data object 1610 includes various elements, including one ormore pre-processing elements 1615, request elements 1616, responseelements 1617, and post-processing elements 1618. Pre-processingelements 1615 generally include elements that are used in defining theattributes of the given SDO prior to its use. To this end,pre-processing element 1615 can include, for example, a show SDOprerequisite 1620 (which determines whether or not a given SDO isvisible in the interface (and so, potentially available for use)), anenable SDO prerequisite 1622 (which determines whether or not a visibleSDO is actually available for use), and related SDO information 1624.Conversely, post-processing elements 1618 provide for operations thatare to occur after the given SDO is used.

A comparable relationship exists between request elements 1616 andresponse elements 1617, which provide for definitions regardinginformation requests made via the given SDO and the information receivedin reply. Thus, request elements 1616 generally include elements thatare used in defining the structure, behavior, and attributes of thegiven form, as well as information requested thereby. To this end,request elements 1616 can include, for example, a form entry 1630.Associated with form entry 1630 is form look and feel information (LFI)1632 (having associated therewith hint text 1634) and client formvalidation information (FVI) 1636. As noted, then, form entry 1630 andits associated elements provide definitional information as to thestructure and behavior of a given form being pushed into a messagingsession. Further, LFI 1632 provides information regarding the appearanceof the form, while hint text 1634 allows a form to provide hints as tothe values to be entered into a given field. Also included in requestelement 1616 is an entry label 1640, having associated therewith anentry input widget 1642, entry look and feel information (entry LFI, orELFI) 1644, and entry validation information (EVI) 1646. Associated withentry input widget 1642 are a widget type 1647 (the type of widget, ifany, used as part of the given form), a default value 1648 (which, asits name implies, provides a default value for a given entry), andoptional values 1649. EVI 1646 and client FVI 1636 provide informationthat allows widgets in the form to validate information entered into theform (see, e.g., FIG. 49 and its associated description). Similarly, LFI1632 and ELFI 1644 can be employed to control the look-and-feel of theform and its elements when requesting information.

In a similar fashion, response elements 1617 generally include elementsthat are used in defining the structure and attributes of a response toa given form. To this end, response elements 1617 include a text entry1650. Associated with text entry 1640 is text LFI 1652, which can beused to control the look-and-feel of the form and its elements upon aresponse being communicated. In turn, hint text 1654 is associated withtext look and feel information 1652, and is used to provide a hint as tothe given field. Response element 1617 further includes an entry label1660. Associated with entry label 1660 are an entry value 1662 (whichcan contain the information responsive to the request) and ELFI 1664(which can be used to control the look-and-feel of the entry inquestion).

As noted, post-processing elements 1618 provide for operations thatoccur after the given SDO is used (e.g., how the SDO is accessed,information regarding the SDO and its use, actions to be taken in lightthereof, and so on). Post-processing elements 1618 thus can include asystem method 1670, having associated therewith feedback information1672 and server form validation information 1674. Another ofpost-processing elements 1618 is a feedback message 1680. Associatedwith feedback message 1680 are feedback look and feel information 1682and associated action information 1684.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a structured dataservice architecture according to embodiments of the present invention.FIG. 17 depicts an example of the structures of, and operations within astructured data service architecture 1700, which are involved inproviding support for a message system according to embodiments of thepresent invention by allowing the invocation of one or more requisitemethods. Within structured data service architecture 1700, and as notedgenerally with regard to data model 1170, a structured data object(depicted in FIG. 17 as structured data object 1710) exists instructured data service architecture 1700 as an instance (i.e., havingbeen instantiated). Structured data object 1710, in the manner datamodel 1170, refers to an SDO declaration 170 which, in turn refers to amethod description 1720. SDO declaration 1715 can be specified, forexample, using a description language.

Method description 1720, in turn, refers to one or more operations (anexample of which is depicted in FIG. 17 as an operation 1722). In turn,operation 1722 refers to one or more parameters (an example of which isdepicted in FIG. 17 as a parameter 1724). Parameters such as parameter1742 can contain information, one or more references to the contents ofone or more fields of structured data object 1710, and/or the like. In ascenario in which the method description is invoked, the then-existingcontents of structured data object 1710 are used to create a methodinstance (depicted in FIG. 17 as a request method instance 1730).

As is shown in FIG. 17, request method instance 1730 may refer to one ormore of the parameters of structured data object 1710 (e.g., parameter1724). Once a request method has been instantiated as a request methodinstance (e.g., request method instance 1730), a method dispatcher 1740determines the manner in which to conduct communications with the webservice in question (e.g., which protocol and transport mechanism(s) toemploy in conducting such communications). Method dispatcher 1740 can,for example, make this determination using the contents of requestmethod instance 1730 and one or more service descriptions (e.g., asdepicted in FIG. 17 as a service description 1750). Method dispatcher1740, having made such a determination, then invokes the requisite webservice (depicted in FIG. 17 as a web service 1760) via the appropriateprotocol/transport handlers (depicted in FIG. 17 as protocol/transporthandlers 1770). Once web service 1760 has been invoked viaprotocol/transport handler 1770, web service 1760 provides its responseto method dispatcher 1740 via protocol/transport handlers 1770. Inresponse to the receipt of this information by method dispatcher 1740,method dispatcher 1740 creates a response method instance 1780, whichcan then be used to update structured data object 1710.

FIG. 18 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in pushing/receiving one or more SDOs (and/or informationassociated therewith/representative thereof) to/from a client using amessaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. Theprocess of FIG. 18 begins with a determination as to whether a commandto push structured data via the messaging system has been received (step1800). While awaiting the receipt of such a command, the process loops(step 1800).

Once the messaging system receives such a command, the messaging systemperforms processing to identify the SDO(s)/structured data (and/orinformation associated therewith) to be pushed via the messaging system(step 1810). The details of such operations are discussed in connectionwith FIG. 19. Having identified the SDO(s)/structured data and/orassociated information to be pushed, the SDO(s) and/or associatedinformation (or access thereto) are transferred from the applicationsoftware to the messaging system (step 1820). The details of suchoperations are discussed in connection with FIGS. 20, 21 and 22.

A determination is then made as to whether the SDO(s)/structured dataand/or associated information were successfully transferred from theapplication to the messaging system (step 1830). If the transfer wasunsuccessful, an indication that the transfer was unsuccessful isprovided to, for example, the messaging system (e.g., for presentationto one or more of the users involved in the messaging session) (step1840). Once this indication is provided, a determination is then made(step 1845) as to whether the messaging system should restart theprocess, in an attempt to successfully transfer the SDO(s)/structureddata/information from the application to the messaging system, or toswitch the messaging session to text-based messaging (step 1847). In thelatter case, the messaging session continues, albeit without using thegiven form. As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure,the switch to text-based messaging can indicate that only the form inquestion will not be employed, or that the messaging session will usetext-based messaging from that point forward (or until some condition ismet). If another attempt to transfer the SDO(s)/structureddata/information is to be made, the process loops back to identifyingthe SDO(s)/structured data/information to be pushed via the messagingsystem (step 1810). However, if the messaging session is to switch totext-based messaging (step 1847), any operations requisite to switchingto such text-based messaging are performed, such that the messagingsession can proceed on a text-based messaging basis, and the process (atleast with respect to the given SDO(s)/structured data/information)concludes.

As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure, the messagingsession can proceed in a number of ways at this point, includingswitching to text-based messaging for the remainder of the messagingsession. Alternatively, the messaging system can indicate the situation,ignore the given SDO(s)/structured data/information, allow fortext-based messaging, and then attempt to support subsequent transfersof further SDO(s)/structured data/information. These and other suchalternatives are intended to be within the scope of embodiments of thepresent invention described herein.

If the transfer of the SDO(s)/structured data/information to themessaging system is successful (step 1830), the messaging system, havingreceived the object and/or object information, pushes the object and/orobject information into the messaging session (step 1850). The detailsof such operations are discussed in connection with FIG. 23.

The messaging system then awaits a response from the other party (orparties) to the messaging session (step 1860). Once a response isreceived (step 1860), the messaging system performs the operationsnecessary to communicate such response to the application (step 1870).The details of such operations are discussed in connection with FIG. 24.A determination is then made as to whether the messaging session is toend, or to await further commands to push objects and/or theirassociated information into the messaging session via the messagingsystem (step 1880).

FIG. 19 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in identifying structured data/information to be pushed via amessaging system according to embodiments of the present invention. FIG.19 depicts a process in the manner of step 1182 of FIG. 11D with respectto an application program. In this process, a command (and itsassociated information, if any) and structure data (and/or associatedinformation, SDO, or other information) are identified, in order to pushthe structured data/information into a messaging session. The process ofFIG. 19 begins with the receipt of the command (and its associatedinformation, if any) (step 1900). Once the command and any associatedinformation have been received, the messaging system identifies anystructured data received therewith based, at least in part, on thecommand and any associated information thus received (step 1910), whichmay include analysis of the command and any associated information. Adetermination is then made as to whether the command (as well as anyassociated information) has been successfully identified (step 1920). Ifsuch identification has not been successful, a determination is made asto whether the identification process should be retried (step 1930). Ifthe identification process is to be retried, the process loops back tothe identification of the command/command information (step 1910). Ifthe identification process is not to be retried, the messaging systemindicates that a problem has occurred in the identification of thecommand (step 1940). In such a situation, typically, the messagingsystem then switches the messaging session to text-based messaging (step1944), and the messaging session proceeds. As will be appreciated inlight of the present disclosure, one or both users can also be given theoption, upon the aforementioned indication, to simply conclude themessaging session in such a situation. In the case in which the givenstructured data is not sent, but the messaging session will continue,the messaging session simply proceeds. In that event, the process ofFIG. 19 concludes, the structured data in question remaining unsent.

However, if the command/command information are successfully identified(step 1920), any structured data needing to be obtained from theapplication is identified, based at least in part on the command (and,possibly, associated information) thus identified (step 1950). Adetermination is then made as to whether the structured data to beobtained from the application has been successfully identified (step1960). If the structured data and command/commend information aresuccessfully identified (steps 1920 and 1960), the structured data isready for transfer to the messaging system. The process then concludes.

However, if the structured data to be obtained from the application hasnot been successfully identified (step 1960), a determination is made asto whether the identification process should be retried (step 1970). Ifthe identification process is to be retried, the process loops back tothe identification of the command/command information (step 1910). Ifthe identification process will not be retried, the messaging systemindicates that the structured data was not successfully identified (step1980). As before, the messaging system then switches the messagingsession to text-based messaging (step 1944) and the messaging sessionproceeds. In either event, the process of FIG. 19 concludes, thestructured data in question remaining unsent.

FIG. 20 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in providing structured data (and/or associated information)to a messaging system, according to embodiments of the presentinvention. It will be appreciated that, in addition to step 1820 of FIG.18, the process depicted in FIG. 20 is an example of step 1184 of FIG.11D with respect to structured data. The process depicted in FIG. 20provides an example of the operations performed in retrieving structureddata/associated information from an application program and transferringthat structured data/associated information to the messaging system,using a structured data object.

The process begins with the messaging system requesting the structureddata from the application program (step 2010), in order to have suchstructured data transferred therebetween. The details of such operationsare discussed in connection with FIG. 21. Alternatively, while not shownin FIG. 20, it will be appreciated that, in light of earlier discussionsand the present disclosure generally, the aforementioned request can beimplemented as a request to a control mechanism or, more simply, asaccess provided by an access sharing scheme, such that access to the SDOin question is transferred from the application program to the messagingsystem (and so, reflecting an implementation of one of the alternativesdiscussed earlier in connection with FIG. 12).

A determination is then made as to whether or not the structured data(or access) has been received (step 2020). If necessary, the messagingsystem waits for the reception of the structured data (or access) tocomplete (step 2020). Should the structure data not be successfullyreceived from the application, an indication to this effect is provided(step 2025). In such a case, the messaging system can switch themessaging session to text-based messaging, if desired, in the mannernoted in connection with FIG. 19 (step 2029). In the case in which thiseventuality occurs, the process then concludes.

Alternatively, if the structured data is successfully received (step2020), the structured data is transferred from the application to themessaging system. In an embodiment of the present invention, thistransfer is accomplished by invoking a web service via protocol andtransport handlers (step 2030) and then transferring the structured datain question from the application to the messaging system (step 2032).The details of such operations are discussed in connection with FIG. 22.Alternatively, while not shown in FIG. 20, it will be appreciated that,as noted above with regard to the request for an SDO generally, theaforementioned transfer can be implemented as a transfer of access fromthe application program to the messaging system, as per thecorresponding request discussed above.

A determination is then made as to whether the transfer of thestructured data has completed successfully (step 2035). While thetransfer of structured data is ongoing and no problem has occurred, theprocess loops (step 2035). However, should a problem occur during thetransfer (step 2040), the messaging system provides an indication ofsuch problem's occurrence (step 2045). As before, the messaging systemcan switch the messaging session to text-based messaging, in the mannernoted in connection with FIG. 19 (step 2029). At this point, the processthen concludes.

Once the structured data is successfully transferred to the messagingsystem (step 2035), a determination is then made as to whether anyfurther data remained to be obtained from the application (step 2050).While further data remain to be transferred from the application to themessaging system, the process performs the aforementioned operations,until all such structured data has been transferred to the messagingsystem (step 2050). Once the requisite structured data has beentransferred to the messaging system, an indication is provided that suchoperations have been completed and the structured data successfullytransferred from the application to the messaging system (step 2060).Optionally, the structured data thus transferred can be prepared forsubmission to the messaging session by having the messaging systemcollect the structured data obtained from application (step 2070).

FIG. 21 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in requesting structured data from an application program,according to embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 21 depicts aprocess in the manner of step 2010 of FIG. 20. The process of FIG. 21thus illustrates an example of the operations performed by a messagingsystem in submitting structured data/SDO and/or associated informationinto a messaging session, according to embodiments of the presentinvention. The process begins by awaiting the receipt of the messagingsystem of a request for service (step 2110). The process loops, awaitingthe receipt of such a request (step 2110).

Once such a request has been received, a determination is made as towhether the requisite method description can be invoked (step 2115). Ifthe method invocation is unsuccessful, the messaging system provides anindication to this effect (step 2120). In such a scenario, the messagingsystem can switch the messaging session to text-based messaging, in themanner noted in connection with FIGS. 19 and 20 (step 2123). At thispoint, the process then concludes.

However, if the messaging description can be properly be invoked by themessaging system (step 2115), the messaging system creates a methodinstance by invoking the method description using the structured dataobject's current content (step 2125). The messaging system then accessesthe structured data frameworks framework type repository (FTR) (step2130), and retrieves a method call type pattern from the FTR (step2135). A determination is then made as to whether the method call typepattern indicates that such interaction is permitted (step 2140). If theinteraction is not permitted, and indication to this effect is providedby the messaging system (step 2145). As before, the messaging system canthen switch the messaging session to text-based messaging, in the mannernoted in connection with FIGS. 19 and 20 (step 2123). At this point, theprocess then concludes.

If the interaction is permitted (step 2140), however, the request methodinstance's (RMI's) content and web service's service description areobtained (step 2150). The service's service description can be formattedusing a web services description language (WSDL), for example. Next, therequisite protocol and transport handlers, over which the web serviceshould be invoked, are determined using the RMI content and webservice's service description, (step 2155). The web service in questionis then invoked via the protocol and transport handlers thus identified(step 2160).

FIG. 22 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in transferring structured data from an application program toa messaging system, according to embodiments of the present invention.FIG. 22 depicts a process in the manner of step 2031 of FIG. 20. Oncethe desired web service has been successfully invoked (step 2030 of FIG.20) and a response method instance created (step 2425 of FIG. 24), theprocess of FIG. 22 begins with the receipt of a response from the webservice (step 2210). A determination is then made as to whether theinformation in question can be routed from the RMI to the SDO/userinterface (UI) (step 2220). If the information can be routed from theRMI to the SDO (step 2220), the SDO is updated using the RMI (step2230). The information is also routed from the RMI to the userinterface, and in so doing, the information is presented to one or moreof the users (step 2240).

If none of the aforementioned determinations provide guidance as to therouting of the information from the RMI, the messaging system providesan indication to that effect, indicating that the routing of informationfrom the RMI was not routed (step 2250). In such a scenario, themessaging system can switch the messaging session to text-basedmessaging, in the manner noted in connection with earlier figures (step2260). Once the information is routed from the RMI appropriately (or anindication is made as to such routing having not been performed), theprocess concludes.

FIG. 23 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in pushing structured data via a messaging system, accordingto embodiments of the present invention. It will be appreciated that, inaddition to step 1850 of FIG. 18, the process depicted in FIG. 23 is anexample of step 1190 of FIG. 11D with respect to structured data. Theprocess of FIG. 23 is an example of the operations that can be performedby a messaging system in receiving and presenting structured data via amessaging system. The process of FIG. 23 begins with the receipt ofstructured data/SDO/related information/access from an applicationprogram at a messaging application (step 2310). As noted earlier inconnection with FIG. 20, receipt of structured data can, in fact, simplybe the messaging application being granted access to the structured data(which can be received as a result of the application programrelinquishing its access rights to the structured data, by a controlmechanism granting such access, or by some other comparable mechanism).

The messaging system then awaits a command to push the structured datathus received into the messaging session (step 2320). Such a command cantake the form of user input provided via a “send” button (e.g., sendbutton 325 of FIG. 3), for example. The process loops until the commandis received (step 2320). Once the command has been received (step 2320),the structured data in question is pushed to the messaging server of themessaging system (step 2330). Once in receipt of the structured datathus pushed, the messaging system generates a message containing thestructured data (step 2340). The messaging system then passes thismessage (containing the structured data) to an associated web server(step 2350). The web server then pushes the message contained in thestructured data to a client participating in the messaging session via anetwork coupled there between (step 2360).

FIG. 24 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in conveying a response to a message, containing structureddata, to an application program, according to embodiments of the presentinvention. FIG. 24 depicts an example of a process, comparable to thatof step 1194 of FIG. 11D with respect to an application program, inwhich a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention receives and processes a message in reply to a messagecontaining structured data. The process of FIG. 24 begins with thereceipt of such a reply (step 2410). While no such reply is forthcoming,the process loops (step 2410).

Once such a reply has been received (step 2410), the message containingthe structured data is processed at the web server (step 2420). Thereceipt of this information allows for the creation of a response methodinstance (step 2425). The web server then passes this message(containing the structured data) to the messaging server of a messagingsystem associated therewith (step 2430). The messaging system passes themessage containing structured data to a messaging application (step2420). The messaging application, having received the message containingthe structured data, then displays the structured data as part of themessage thus received (step 2450). A determination is then made as towhether the structured data should also be passed to the applicationprogram (or other application software) (step 2460). If the structureddata should be passed from the messaging system to the application (step2460), the messaging system performs the operations necessary to passthe structured data from the messaging application to the enterprise (orother) applications (step 2470). Once the structured data is passed tothe appropriate application (or a determination is made that suchoperations are not to be performed), the process concludes.

In operation, the foregoing mechanisms and facilities allow participantsin a messaging session to send and receive forms, and simplifycommunication via the messaging system, while improving efficiency andaccuracy thereof. An example of the communications that might occur insuch a system are now presented in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Example messages in HTML format. Msg# Participant Message 1Customer I have an issue 2 Agent I am glad to help 3 Agent In order toassist you, I'll need your name and your company name: First Name 

Last Name 

Company 

4 Customer First Name Susan Last Name Carron Company Adept Softwarejson162738{“form”:“Identity”,“First_Name”:“Susan”, “Last_Name”:“Carron”,“Company”:“Adept Software”} 5 Agent In order to verify youridentity, I'll need the Account ID and the Customer PIN: Account ID 

Customer PIN 

6 Customer Account ID 23239188 Customer PIN 3934json162738{“form”:“Verification”,“Account_ID”:“23239188”,“Customer_PIN”:“3934”} 7 Customer Account ID 23239189Customer PIN 3934 json162738{“form”:“Verification”,“Account_ID”:“23239189”,“Customer_PIN”:“3934”} 8 Agent In order to find your servicerequest, I'll need the Service Request Number and the Asset Number?Service Request Number 

Asset Number 

9 Customer Service Request Number 673426 Asset Number xp16438json162738{“form”:“Request”, “Service_Request_Number”:“673426”,“Asset_Number”:“xp16438”}

Table 1 depicts certain portions of the messages being communicated in agraphical format (e.g., as input fields of a form that would bepresented to a user receiving such information).

The code that results in the foregoing input fields appears as follows(and is listed in a message-by-message fashion):

Message - 1 - Customer <p>  I have an issue </p> <p>  &amp;nbsp;</p>Message - 2 - Agent <p>  I am glad to help </p> <p>  &amp;nbsp;</p>Message - 3 - Agent <div class=“chat_form_18253642”>  <p>   In order tobetter assist you, I'll need your name and your   company name:   </p> <div class=“form_row”>   <span class=“form_row_label”><label>FirstName</label>   </span>   <input class=“form_row_input” name=“First_Name”type=“text”   />  </div>  <div class=“form_row”>   <spanclass=“form_row_label”><label>Last   Name</label></span><inputclass=“form_row_input”   name=“Last_Name” type=“text” />  </div>  <divclass=“form_row”>   <span class=“form_row_label”><label>Company</label>  </span>   <input class=“form_row_input” name=“Company” type=“text” /> </div> </div> <div style=“clear: both;”>  &amp;nbsp;</div> <divstyle=“clear: both;”>  &amp;nbsp;</div> Message - 4 - Customer <divclass=“form_submit_in_chat”>  <div class=“attribute_row”>   <spanclass=“attribute_label”>First Name   </span>   <spanclass=“attribute_value”>Susan   </span>  </div>  <divclass=“attribute_row”>   <span class=“attribute_label”>Last Name  </span>   <span class=“attribute_value”>Carron   </span>  </div>  <divclass=“attribute_row”>   <span class=“attribute_label”>Company   </span>  <span class=“attribute_value”>Adept Software   </span>  </div> </div><div>  &amp;nbsp;</div> json162738{“form”:“Identity”,“First_Name”:“Susan”, “Last_Name”:“Carron”, “Company”:“Adept Software”}Message - 5 - Agent <div class=“chat_form_18253642”>  <p>   In order toverify your identity, I'll need the Account ID and   the Customer PIN: </p>  <div class=“form_row”>   <span class=“form_row_label”>    <label>    Account ID    </label>   </span>   <input class=“form_row_input”name=“Account_ID”   type=“password” /><img class=“form_row_img”  src=“images/lock.png” />   </div>  <div class=“form_row”>   <spanclass=“form_row_label”>    <label>     Customer PIN    </label>  </span>   <input class=“form_row_input” name=“Customer_PIN”  type=“password” />   <img class=“form_row_img” src=“images/lock.png”/>  </div> </div> <div style=“clear: both;”>  &amp;nbsp;</div> Message -6 Customer <div class=“form_submit_in_chat”>  <divclass=“attribute_row”>   <span class=“attribute_label”>    Account ID  </span>   <span class=“attribute_value”>    23239188   </span>  </div> <div class=“attribute_row”>   <span class=“attribute_label”>   Customer PIN   </span>   <span class=“attribute_value”>    3934  </span>  </div> </div> <div>  &amp;nbsp;</div>json162738{“form”:“Verification”, “Account_ID”:“23239188”,“Customer_PIN”:“3934”} Message - 7 - Customer <divclass=“form_submit_in_chat”>  <div class=“attribute_row”>   <spanclass=“attribute_label”>    Account ID   </span>   <spanclass=“attribute_value”>    23239189   </span>  </div>  <divclass=“attribute_row”>  <span class=“attribute_label”>   Customer PIN </span>  <span class=“attribute_value”>   3934  </span>  </div> </div><div>  &amp;nbsp;</div> json162738{“form”:“Verification”,“Account_ID”:“23239189”, “Customer_PIN”:“3934”} Message - 8 - Agent <divclass=“chat_form_18253642”>  <p>   In order to find your servicerequest, I'll need the Service   Request Number and the Asset Number? </p>  <div class=“form_row”>   <span class=“form_row_label_long”>   <label>     Service Request Number    </label>   </span>   <inputclass=“form_row_input” name=“Service_Request_Number”   type=“text” /> </div>  <div class=“form_row”>   <span class=“form_row_label_long”>   <label>     Asset Number    </label>   </span>   <inputclass=“form_row_input” name=“Asset_Number”   type=“text”/>   </div></div> <div style=“clear: both;”>  &amp;nbsp;</div> <div style=“clear:both;”>  &amp;nbsp;</div> Message - 9 - Customer <divclass=“form_submit_in_chat”>  <div class=“attribute_row”>   <spanclass=“attribute_label_long”>    Service Request Number   </span>  <span class=“attribute_value_short”>    673426   </span>  </div>  <divclass=“attribute_row”>   <span class=“attribute_label_long”>    AssetNumber   </span>   <span class=“attribute_value_short”>    xp16438  </span>  </div> </div> <div>  &amp;nbsp;</div>json162738{“form”:“Request”, “Service_Request_Number”:“673426”,“Asset_Number”:“xp16438”}

User Interface Examples in a Messaging System Supporting SDOs

FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the insertion of structured data into a web chat isdepicted. FIG. 25 depicts a chat dialogue 2500 (e.g., such as that whichmight be used by an agent assisting a customer). In the example depictedin FIG. 25, the user employing chat dialogue 2500 is a customer serviceagent at a travel agency (the examples of communications presented inFIG. 25 are thus directed to such a scenario). According to certainembodiments, a predefined form is inserted into the messaging sessionusing a special prompt. Such a special prompt can be made accessible,for example, by allowing a user to “right-click” (e.g., select in anarea using the right-hand button of a mouse) in a message entry pane2510. As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure, a user(e.g., a customer service agent or customer) is presented with a messageentry pane in a chat dialogue in order to enter messages for submissionto the chat session.

Chat dialogue 2500 supports text-based messaging such as that discussedearlier by allowing a message to be entered into message entry pane2510, after which the user selects a send button 2520 in order to submitthe message into the messaging session. Selection of send button 2520thus results in the message thus entered being submitted to themessaging session, and so appearing in a messaging session pane 2530,which results in the display of the message not only in messagingsession pane 2530, but also in a comparable messaging session pane ofthe chat dialogue(s) employed by the one or more other users who areparties to the messaging session. In the two examples

In the example depicted in FIG. 25, however, the user is able toright-click in message entry pane 2510 in order to access a specialprompt, and so display a menu of predefined forms that can be insertedinto the messaging session, in the manner noted earlier. The user'saction thus results in the display of a special prompt menu 2540.Special prompt menu 2540 provides the user with a number of predefinedforms from which the user can choose. In the example depicted in FIG.25, the selections include several predefined forms (depicted in FIG. 25as predefined forms 2550 a, 2550 b, 2550 c, 2550 d, and 2550 e). Byselecting one of predefined forms 2550 a-2550 e, a user can insert thedesired form into the messaging session. This is depicted in FIG. 25with respect to the selection of predefined form 2550 a (“Where do youwant to go?” and its corresponding predefined form (depicted in FIG. 25as form 2560)).

As depicted in FIG. 25, the use of a special prompt such as specialprompt menu 2540 can be implemented in a number of ways. As depicted inFIG. 25, special prompt menu 2540 is illustrated as being configured tosubmit the desired predefined form directly into the messaging sessionupon selection of the requisite predefined form (thereby obviating theneed to select send button 2520). Alternatively, the use of specialprompt menu 2540 can result in the insertion of the correspondingpredefined form in message entry pane 2510. While doing so will thentypically necessitate additional actions by the user (e.g., theselection of select button 2520), such an approach also provides for theability to edit the predefined form prior to its submission into themessaging session.

Further, the selections presented in special prompt menu 2540 can bechanged dynamically, presenting the user (e.g., agent) with selectionsthat are particularly pertinent to the given customer, especially likelyto be used in the given situation, or driven by other suchconsiderations. For example, a messaging system employing such anapproach can be designed to maintain information regarding the formsmost commonly used by all agents in a given call center, reflecting theforms in use in an up-to-the-minute fashion. Based on such information,the messaging system can be configured to present an agent with aselection of forms that are the most likely to meet the agent's needs.Further, forms can be listed in special prompt menu 2540 in the orderthe forms are most likely to be needed, in an alphabetical order, orsome other useful and convenient manner. Such a messaging system canalso be configured to provide support for scrolling through such forms,allowing the agent access to a larger number of forms than might be ableto be displayed. Further still, the selections presented by specialprompt menu 2540 can provide a number of “look-and-feel” options for agiven form. Indications as to the handling of a given form can also besupported. For example, the agent can be given the ability to choosebetween submitting the selected form directly into the messaging session(e.g., directly into messaging session pane 2530, by right-clicking onthe given selection) or into message entry pane 2510 (e.g., by hittingthe “Enter” key).

FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the insertion of structured data into a web chat isfurther depicted. In a manner comparable to that discussed in connectionwith FIGS. 2-8, the customer in the example scenario depicted in FIG. 26then continues the messaging session by providing the information thusrequested by providing a reply to form 2560 that includes the requestedinformation. This reply appears in messaging session pane 2530 as a form2570. Continuing the messaging session, the agent once again accessesspecial prompt menu 2540, and then selects predefined form 2550 b (“Whendo you want to go?” and its associated predefined form). Having receivedthe requisite selection of departure and destination cities, and havingpushed the departure/return date/time form into the messaging session(depicted in FIG. 25 as form 2580), the agent can now proceed (upon areply from the customer) to address the customer's needs for travelarrangements based on the information thus provided.

FIG. 27 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the insertion of structured data into a web chat isdepicted. In the example depicted in FIG. 27, a chat dialogue 2600 isshown as including a message entry pane 2610, from which messagesentered therein can be sent by the selection of a send button 2620 to amessaging session pane 2630, in a manner comparable to that discussed inconnection with earlier figures. Chat dialogue 2600 also includes aninsert button 2640 that, when selected, results in the display of atext/question menu 2650. Selections in text/question menu 2650 caninclude a text selection 2650 a and a question selection 2650 b, forexample. Selection by the user of text selection 2650 a presents theuser with a number of predefined text entries that the user can submitinto the messaging session, in order to save time and reduce the risk oferrors. The user's selection of question selection 2650 b results in thedisplay of an insert predefined form menu 2660. Insert predefined formmenu 2660 can include selections comparable to those of special promptmenu 2540 of FIG. 25 (examples of which are depicted in FIG. 27 aspredefined forms 2670 a, 2670 b, 2670 c, 2670 d, and 2670 e). Inaddition to allowing a user (e.g., a customer service agent) to insertsuch predefined forms into the messaging session, an approach accordingto certain embodiments of the present invention (in which an insertbutton such as insert button 2640 is employed), allow the user to insertmultiple such forms (e.g., into message entry pane 2610) prior tosending those predefined forms into the messaging session, and so to theother user's participating in that messaging session. In the exampledepicted in FIG. 27, then, once the user (e.g., an agent) has selected apredefined form (e.g., predefined form 2670 a), the messaging systementers the form (depicted in FIG. 27 as form 2680) thus selected intomessage entry pane 2610. Form 2680 can also provide a delete button thatis configured to allow the given predefined form to be deleted frommessage entry pane 2610 (depicted, e.g., in FIG. 27 as a delete button2685)

FIG. 28 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the insertion of structured data into a web chat isfurther depicted. In the continuing example of the agent side of themessaging session depicted in FIG. 27, FIG. 28 depicts the insertion ofanother predefined form into message entry pane 2610, as indicted by theselection of predefined form 2670 b selected from insert predefined formmenu 2660 by the agent (“when do you want to do?” and its associatedpredefined form). As can be seen in FIG. 28, upon the selection ofpredefined form 2670 b, the corresponding predefined form (depicted inFIG. 28 as form 2690) is entered into message entry pane 2610. Form 2690can also provide a delete button that is configured to allow the givenpredefined form to be deleted from message entry pane 2610 (depicted,e.g., in FIG. 28 as a delete button 2695)

FIG. 29 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialogue ofa messaging system according to embodiments of the present invention, inwhich the insertion of structured data into a web chat is furtherdepicted. In the continuing example depicted in FIG. 29, the predefinedforms associated with predefined forms 2670 a and 2670 b (depicted inFIG. 29 as forms 2680 and 2690) are submitted into the messaging sessionfrom message entry pane 2610. In a manner comparable to that discussedearlier in connection with other figures, the agent selects send button2620 in order to submit the predefined forms appearing in message entrypane 2610 into the messaging session, causing the predefined forms toappear in messaging session pane 2630.

As the foregoing examples illustrate, access to messaging functionalityaccording to embodiments of the present invention can be provided in anumber of ways. As discussed in connection with FIGS. 25 and 26, aspecial prompt can be provided that can used to display a menu ofpossible forms for selection. As noted, while a given implementation maybe limited to displaying some fixed number of selections, there are anynumber of mechanisms that can be employed to efficiently and effectivelypresent the agent with more such selections and/or the particularselections needed in a given situation. As discussed in connection withFIGS. 27 and 28, an alternative to the use of a special prompt is theprovision of an insert button in the user's messaging window. Hereagain, any number of variations can be provided to allow the agentaccess to selections that best meet the agent's needs in thecircumstances at hand. Further, it is within the scope of embodiments ofthe present invention to combine these two approaches, and allow theuser (e.g., agent) to use the approach that most effectively addressestheir needs. Such a combined approach allows for the greatestflexibility (e.g., by presenting different selections based on theapproach used, such as by using a special prompt for customer-centricselections (or situation-centric selections, or other such basis ofdetermining the selections presented) and an insert button for genericselections (e.g., scheduling dates, generic questions as to travelarrangements, and so on)). Thus, based on the selections presented byeach alternative, the agent can create a form that allows the mostefficient, effective communications to occur by way of quickly creatingforms that are closely tailored to the needs of the participants.Further, such predefined form menus can provide for scrolling, allowingthe user (agent) to scroll through a number of selections (forms) withinthe predefined form menu. As noted elsewhere, such efficiency andeffectiveness not only makes agents, for example, more efficient andless error prone, but vastly improves the experience of the customerbeing serviced in this manner. Further to this end, as part of suchmessaging functionality, a messaging system according to embodiments ofthe present invention can provide a user (e.g., customer service agent)with the ability to edit forms prior to their submission into themessaging session, as is now discussed in connection with FIGS. 30, 31,32, and 33.

FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating examples of a dialogue presentedby a messaging system according to embodiments of the present invention,in which the insertion of structured data via a drop-down menu isdepicted. FIG. 30 depicts an example of a message entry pane 2700 beforeand after the insertion of an inquiry form therein. An inquiry form canbe inserted into a messaging session by submitting one or more formsfrom messaging entry pane 2700. To insert such a form into message entrypane 2700, a drop-down icon 2710 is selected by the user, in order todisplay and insert question menu 2720. As depicted in FIG. 30, insertquestion menu 2720 includes a variety of selections, includingpredefined form selections 2775 a-2775 e. Subsequent to selectingdrop-down icon 2710, the user's selection of predefined form selection2775 a (“identity”) results in the identification, insertion, anddisplay of a predefined form 2730 in message entry pane 2700.

In certain embodiments, such as that depicted in FIG. 30, message entrypane 2700 provides one or more toolbar commands that permit the user toedit and/or otherwise modify items displayed in message entry pane 2700(e.g., such as predefined form 2730). Thus, message entry pane 2700provides a message editing toolbar 2740, which allows the user to modifytext and forms displayed in message entry pane 2700 prior to suchinformation being submitted into the messaging session. Message editingtoolbar 2740 includes a bold button 2750, an italics button 2760, anunderline button 2770, a font menu 2780, and a font size menu 2790. Aswill be apparent in light of the present disclosure, text and forms canbe modified using the functionalities provided by message editingtoolbar 2740 in the aforementioned ways, as well as many other notexplicitly offered as part of message editing toolbar 2740 or shown inFIG. 30. Form 2790 can also provide a delete button that is configuredto allow the given predefined form to be deleted from message entry pane2700 (or, alternatively, the insertion of the given predefined form“undone,” and depicted, e.g., in FIG. 30 as a form deletion button 2791)

Such form modification allows a form to be edited prior to submission toa messaging session, for example, in the message entry pane. Further,there may be instances in which the user receiving such form may want toperform editing (in addition to entering responses in the form thusreceived), for which certain embodiments may provide. Further, suchediting (prior to submission) can include the ability to undo theinsertion of the form (e.g., by deleting the form as a whole), typing“help text” above or below the form, modifying the predefined help textin the form, modifying the predefined labels in form if a label is notintuitive to the customer, and other such operations. Further still, theuser can elect to drop individual optional input fields in form (e.g.,no need for information that is already known).

FIG. 31 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the insertion of structured data via a specialprompt is depicted. FIG. 31 illustrates a message entry pane supportingthe use of a special prompt menu. In FIG. 31 a message entry pane 2792employs functionality of the messaging system that allows for user inputthat results in the presentation of a selection of predefined forms(e.g., by way of a “right-click” operation). In the example depicted inFIG. 31, message entry pane 2792 displays a special prompt menu 2794,which provides a selection of predefined forms such as those depicted ininsert question menu 2720 of FIG. 30 (e.g., ones comparable topredefined forms 2795 a-2795 e). Once one of predefined forms 2795a-2795 e has been selected, the desired predefined form (depicted inFIG. 31 as a form 2797) is inserted into message entry pane 2792, andcan then be edited in the manner discussed in connection with FIG. 30.As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure, a messagingsystem supporting the presentation of the user interfaces depicted inFIGS. 30 and 31 can also provide the ability to collect multiple ones ofsuch predefined forms for submission into the given messaging session(and so, presentation in the associated messaging session pane).Further, such predefined forms can include a delete button that isconfigured to allow the given predefined form to be deleted from messageentry pane 2792 (e.g., depicted in FIG. 31 as a delete button 2798).

FIG. 32 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the results of inserting structured data via adrop-down menu and/or a special prompt is depicted. FIG. 32 depicts anexample of message entry pane 3200 that supports the use of both aninsert question menu and a special prompt menu. Using message entry pane3200, a user such as an agent can insert a question into message entrypane 3200 (and so, the messaging session being conducted) by selectingan insert question icon 3210, thereby displaying an insert question menu3220. Alternatively, the user can indicate their desire to display acomparable menu within message entry pane 3200 (e.g., by right-clickingwithin message entry pane 3200). By so indicating, the user's actioncauses the display of a special prompt menu 3230. As before, specialprompt menu 3230 presents a set of selections that can be used to insertone or more predefined forms within message entry pane 3200. Theseselections are typically, though not necessarily, comparable to thosedisplayed in insert question menu 3220.

FIG. 33 is a block diagram illustrating examples of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system according to embodiments of the presentinvention, in which the editing of structured data inserted via adrop-down menu and/or a special prompt is depicted. In the mannerdescribed previously in connection with FIGS. 30 and 31, once thepredefined form(s) is (are) displayed in a message entry pane 3300, theuser can modify the predefined form using functionalities provided by amessage entry toolbar 3310.

When using such approaches, the list of potential questions (from eitherone or both of an insert button and/or a special prompt) can beconfigured dynamically (e.g., to be context sensitive). For example, ifa customer has already been identified, there is no need to present theagent with an option to submit an identification question, and so thecorresponding menu item could be disabled or not presented. Similarly,prior to a customer being identified, there would be no need to presentthe agent with an option to submit an verification question, and so thecorresponding menu item could be disabled or not presented.

Example Messaging System Architectures and Processes Supporting WebApplications

An alternative to interfacing with application programs is the use ofweb applications. In such situations, an approach according toembodiments of the present invention employ the generation of dynamicforms. While providing a number of desirable advantages, the use ofpredefined forms does require the design of the forms to be used priorto their use. Also, the application programs used typically need to beconfigured to consume input data automatically from the messagingsystem, which may not always be possible. In a setting in which themessaging system is to interface with one or more web applications, suchweb applications can be made “messaging-aware”, and so providemessaging-aware inputs. In such a scenario, input fields from suchmessaging-aware web applications are configured to be pushed into thechat input area. Thus, with embedded online messaging, the input fieldsof web applications (e.g., web pages) can be made messaging-aware. Insuch an approach, a form is dynamically composed in response to theinput fields that have been pushed into the messaging session. Afterform submission from the other side, the submitted data is thenautomatically populated to the corresponding input fields.

FIG. 34 is a block diagram depicting certain features of a web messagingarchitecture according to embodiments of the present invention,including features of a server system and other elements of such a webmessaging architecture. A web messaging architecture 3400, includingvarious elements thereof, is thus depicted. As will be appreciated fromthe present disclosure, web messaging architecture 3400 shows, ingreater detail, an architecture that includes elements of a serversystem such as server system 1110 of FIG. 11A, with respect to animplementation in which messaging functionality according to embodimentsof the present invention is provided to one or more web applications.Thus, in the manner of messaging architecture 1100, web messagingarchitecture 3400 provides support for conducting messagingcommunications between a client system 3410 (which, in turn, supports abrowser 3415) and a server system 3420, via a network 3430. As depictedin FIG. 34, server system 3420 includes a messaging system 3440 and aweb server 3450. Associated with web server 3450 are a number of webapplications (depicted in FIG. 34 as web applications (web apps)3455(1)-(N)) and one or more web pages (depicted in the aggregate inFIG. 34 as web pages 3457, and individually, as web pages 3457(1)-(N)).Messaging system 3440, in turn, includes a messaging server 3460 (whichmaintains information relevant to the one or more messaging sessionssupported thereby, in a messaging repository 3465) and a dynamic formframework 3470. Dynamic form framework 3470, in turn, includes a dynamicform framework (DFF) manager 3472, a framework repository 3474, a rulesrepository 3476, and a model repository 3478. Communicatively coupled toserver system 3420, and more particularly messaging server 3460, are anumber of messaging applications (depicted in FIG. 34 as messagingapplications 3480(1)-(N)).

As will be appreciated from discussions elsewhere herein (e.g., inconnection with FIGS. 12, 13, and 14, among others), at least certain ofthe functionality provided by DFF manager 3472, framework repository3474, rules repository 3476, and model repository 3478 is comparable tothat of comparable elements depicted therein. However, given that webmessaging architecture 3400 supports dynamic form object (DFOs), DFFmanager 3472, framework repository 3474, rules repository 3476, andmodel repository 3478 provide additional functionality that supports thedynamic nature of DFOs. Thus, framework repository 3474 maintainsinformation regarding instantiations of the DFOs. Rules repository 3476maintains information regarding rules that are used to ensure that theinformation transferred from a form's input field to the correspondinginput field in the web page in which the input field is displayed (andback, in fact), is in a form expected by web application in which theweb page is displayed. Model repository 3478 stores, among otherinformation, information regarding the data models used in conjunctionwith the DFOs and their operation (referred to herein as a data modelset, and discussed in further detail below, in connection with thediscussion of the form builder rules example of FIG. 35).

FIG. 35 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a dynamic formobject (DFO) data model set, according to embodiments of the presentinvention. FIG. 35 depicts an example of a dynamic form object (DFO)data model set 3500 in which a dynamic form object (DFO) 3510 isdefined. Dynamic form object 3510 provides for information anddefinitions regarding the programmatic constructs used to represent theform submitted into the messaging session. DFO 3510 is defined, at leastin part, by one or more form builder rules (depicted in FIG. 35 as formbuilder rules (FBR) 3515), which, in turn, employ mapping informationsuch as mapping information 3520. Mapping information 3520 is associatedwith web application user interface elements 3522, request elements3524, and response elements 3526. Mapping information 3520 maintainsinformation regarding the manner in which certain of the elements of webapplication user interface elements 3522, request elements 3524, andresponse elements 3526 map to one another, an example of which isdiscussed subsequently in connection with FIG. 35. As will beappreciated in light of the present disclosure, the data model of DFOdata model set 3500 can be used, for example, in defining dynamic formobjects such as those discussed in connection with FIGS. 34 and 36.Further in this regard, information such as FBR 3515 can be maintainedin the data stores within a dynamic form framework such as DFF 3470 ofFIG. 34 (e.g., in rules repository 3476).

As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure, webapplication user interface elements 3522, request elements 3524, andresponse elements 3526 each support one or more aspects of the overallfunctionality that is used to provide the ability for the transfer ofdynamic forms through the messaging system employed, and so allow forthe communication of information obtained in this manner to be providedto other applications (e.g., one or more web applications). Thus, webapplication user interface elements 3522 provide information as to theuser interface elements of the web application to which the informationthus obtained is to ultimately be provided. Similarly, request elements3524 provide information as to the form (representing the DFO) that iscommunicated to the other party (e.g., customer) via the messagingsystem. In comparable fashion, response elements 3526 provideinformation as to the information that is communicated from the otherparty (e.g., customer) to the original party (e.g., agent) via themessaging system, in responding to the communications conducted by wayof the form (representing the DFO).

As noted, then, web application user interface elements 3522 generallyinclude elements representing the structure, behavior, and attributes ofthe entry (or entries) of the web application to which information is tobe provided. To this end, web application user interface elements 3522thus include an original user interface entry 3530. Original userinterface entry 3530 represents the original entry in the user interfaceof the web application, such entry being the entry to receive input fromthe other party (e.g., customer) via the form submitted into themessaging session. Original user interface entry 3530 and its associatedelements provide definitional information as to the structure andbehavior of a given entry being pushed into a messaging session.Original user interface entry 3530 references an original user interface(OUI) entry label 3531 (a label that can be used to identify originaluser interface entry 3530), an original user interface entry inputwidget 3532 (a widget that provides functionality associated with inputfield in the original user interface entry 3530 (e.g., in theapplication that is to receive the input)), and original user interfaceentry LFI 3533 (which provides information regarding the look-and-feelof the original web application's entry). Original user interface entryinput widget 3532, in turn, references a widget type 3534 (the type ofwidget, if any, used as part of the given form), a default value 3535(which, as its name implies, provides a default value for a givenentry), and optional values 3536.

Also associated with original user interface entry 3530 are a containeridentifier 3537 and an entry identifier 3538. As will be appreciated, inthe generic sense, a container is a class, data structure, abstract datatype (ADT), or other such programmatic construct, instances of which arecollections of other objects (e.g., widgets). Thus, container identifier3537 identifies the container that contains, possibly among otherobjects, the given input widget (original user interface entry inputwidget 3532). Such a container might, for example, correspond to the webpage in which the input widget exists. Similarly, entry identifier 3538provides information that facilitates the identification of the entry(input field) in question. Thus, container identifier 3537 and entryidentifier 3538 allow the messaging system to relate input received viaa DFO such as DFO 3510 to the input fields of the web applicationemployed. The operation of DFO elements such as container identifier3537 and entry identifier 3538 are discussed further in connection withFIG. 35.

In comparable fashion, request elements 3524 define information thatwill be used in the creation and submission of a form into a messagingsession (e.g., the programmatic constructs used to represent the formsent to the customer by the agent), and generally include elements thatare used in defining the structure, behavior, and attributes of thegiven form, as well as one or more entries therein. Such a form is thusdesigned to obtain and return the information to be provided as input tothe original user interface entry, and so make that informationavailable to the corresponding web application.

To this end, request elements 3524 include a form entry 3540, which iscomparable in configuration to original user interface entry 3530. Formentry 3540 is depicted in FIG. 35 as referencing a form entry label 3541(which maintains information regarding a label (e.g., a name) that canbe used to identify the form), a form entry input widget 3542 (the inputwidget, sent as part of the form submitted into the messaging session,that provides functionality to assist in obtaining the requisite inputinformation), and form entry LFI 3543 (which allows for control over thelook-and-feel of the form entry). Form entry input widget 3542, in turn,references a widget type 3544 (the type of widget, if any, used as partof the given form), a default value 3545 (which, as its name implies,provides a default value for a given entry), and optional values 3546.With respect to request elements 3524, dynamic form object 3510 alsoreferences a portion thereof. More specifically, within request elements3524, dynamic form object 3510 references form LFI 3550, which, in turn,references hint text 3555. In the manner of other such elements, formLFI 3550 allows for control over the look-and-feel of the form and itselements, while hint text 3555 allows a form to provide hints as to thevalues to be entered into the given field.

In turn, DFO data model set 3500 includes (as referenced by DFO 3510 anddefined, at least in part, by request elements 3524) response elements3526, which provide information regarding the structure, behavior, andattributes of various structures that allow a user to provide a responseto the requests for information presented in a form. To this end,response elements 3526 include a text entry 3560. While text entry 3560may, in fact, employ any number of programmatic constructs, text entry3560 typically deals a simple value (e.g., alphanumeric value of somesort) entered an input into the given entry in the form communicatedwithin the messaging session. Text entry 3560 references a text entrylabel 3562 (which maintains information regarding a label (e.g., a name)that can be used to identify the form), an entry value 3564, and textentry LFI 3566 (which allows for control over the look-and-feel of thetext entry). As will be appreciated, entry value 3564 maintains (or, atthe least, references) the user's response with regard to the givenoriginal user interface entry. As with request elements 3524, dynamicform object 3510 references certain elements within response elements3526. For example, dynamic form object 3510 can reference text LFI 3570,which, in turn references hint text 3575. In the manner of other suchelements, text LFI 3570 allows for control over the overalllook-and-feel of text sent in response to the form, while hint text 3575allows a form to provide hints as to the values to be entered into thegiven field.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 35, it will be noted that each of webapplication user interface elements 3522, request elements 3524, andresponse elements 3526 shares certain common element types. These commonelement types include an entry label element type 3582, an entry inputtype 3584, and an entry LFI 3586. As noted earlier, informationregarding such relationships is maintained, at least in part, by mappinginformation 3520, which can also serve to maintain information regardingthe manner in which these elements relate to one another (and not simplythe fact of the relationship's existence). Further, as will beappreciated in light of the present disclosure, the mappings representedby element type 3582, entry input type 3584, and entry LFI 3586 can begoverned, to at least some extent, by rules such as those maintained inrules repository 3476.

FIG. 36 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the elements andoperations involved in implementing a messaging-enabled web application,according to embodiments of the present invention, in which a DFO suchas that depicted in FIG. 35 is employed. FIG. 36 is an example of afunctional diagram of the elements, mechanisms, and operations involvedin transferring input data, entered into an input field in a dynamicform object (employed in a messaging session), from the dynamic formobject into the appropriate input field of the given web application.

In the scenario depicted in FIG. 36, a messaging system 3600 hasreceived information in an input field 3610 of a dynamic form object3616 (the information, e.g., being depicted in FIG. 36 as input 3611).Having received this information, messaging system 3600 makes an AJAXcall 3620 in order to transfer the information to a web application3630. Messaging system 3600, via AJAX call 3620 is able to transfer theinformation in input field 3610 to an input field 3640 of webapplication 3630 using a web page identifier 3650 (e.g., from an elementof DFO 3615 such as container identifier 3537 of web application userinterface elements 3522 of DFO 3510) and an input field identifier 3660(e.g., from an element of DFO 3615 such as entry identifier 3538 of webapplication user interface elements 3522 of DFO 3510). In the mannerpreviously discussed in connection with container identifier 3537 andentry identifier 3538 of FIG. 34, web page identifier 3650 and inputfield identifier 3660 facilitate the identification of web page 3670 andinput field 3640. As will be appreciated from FIG. 36, web application3630 includes web page 3670, and, in turn, web page 3670 includes inputfield 3640 (into which input 3611 is to be entered). In order toproperly convey the information in input field 3610 (i.e., input 3611)to input field 3640, in addition to the aforementioned identifyinginformation (web page identifier 3650 and input field identifier 3660),AJAX call 3620 employs one or more rules 3680 (such as those describedelsewhere herein, as well as/in the alternative, the mapping representedby entry input type 3584 (which maps, e.g., original user interfaceentry input widget 3532, form entry input widget 3542, and entry value3564 to one another) and/or other mappings maintained as mappinginformation 3520), which ensure that the information is conveyed frominput field 3610 to input field 3640 in the manner and form expected byweb application 3630.

As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure, a situationmay arise in which the destination of one or more input fields for agiven form become unavailable. For example, in certain embodiments inwhich the messaging system implementation does not support maintenanceof such information for subsequent use, the messaging application may beunable to complete the input fields of the given messaging-enable webapplication dialogue (containing the input widgets originally pushedinto the messaging session), if the user navigates away from or closesthat messaging-enable web application dialogue. However, even in such acase, the user is able to perform cut-and-paste operations to insert therequisite input data into the input fields, once the user navigates tothe messaging-enable web application dialogue again. Preferably,however, the messaging system is configured to maintain the input datathus returned and the input fields to which those input fieldscorrespond. In such a scenario, the messaging system can be configuredto convey the input data to the messaging-enable web applicationdialogue at the next opportunity (e.g., the next time the given webapplication is executed and the messaging-enable web applicationdialogue is displayed, the input fields are automatically populated withthe input data).

In the situation in which one or more input fields are not available,the issue becomes one of what to do with input data (e.g., when theinterface containing the pushed input fields is navigated away orclosed, and submitted data cannot be used to auto-populate the originalinput fields). Such situations can be addressed in several ways. Firstis to warn users when they are about to navigate way from or close theinterface. Alternatively (or in addition), the messaging system canstore the input fields in question, as well as the corresponding values,and populate those input fields with their corresponding input valuesthe next time the interface is open. Another alternative is to include awidget with the submitted input data that forces the interface to open.

FIG. 37A is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in identifying an input field for a DFO to be pushed viamessaging system, according to embodiments of the present invention.FIG. 37A depicts a process in the manner of step 1182 of FIG. 11D withrespect to a web application. The example process depicted in FIG. 37Aprovides the description of operations that can be performed in theidentification of an object (e.g., associated with an input field) thatis to be pushed into a messaging session. The process of FIG. 37A beginswith the messaging server's receipt of an input field's identification(step 3700). As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure,the process depicted in FIG. 37A is directed to a scenario in which aform to be submitted into a messaging session represents a single field(or group of fields taken as a whole). Next, the messaging systemobtains input field information from the web application for whichresponses are to be obtained from one or more other users (step 3710).

Once the requisite input field information has been obtained, the inputfield information is transferred to the messaging system from the webapplication (step 3720). Next, a determination is made as to whether theinput field information has been successfully transferred from the webapplication to the messaging system (step 3730). If the aforementioneddetermination indicates that the transfer was not successful (step3735), the user attempting to send the form is provided with anindication that a problem occurred during the transfer of input fieldinformation from the web application to the messaging system (step3740). In such a case, the messaging system can switch the messagingsession to text-based messaging, if desired, in the manner noted inconnection with FIG. 19 (step 3742). In the case in which thiseventuality occurs, the process then concludes.

However, if the transfer of input field information from the webapplication to the messaging system was successful (step 3735), adetermination is then made as to whether further input fields are to beidentified (step 3745). If further input fields remain to be identified(step 3745), the process loops to its beginning, in order to receiveidentification of the next input field to be identified (step 3700). Ifno further input fields remain to be identified (step 3745), the processconcludes.

FIG. 37B is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in identifying multiple input fields for a DFO to be pushedvia messaging system, according to embodiments of the present invention.An alternative to the process of FIG. 37A, FIG. 37B depicts a process inthe manner of step 1182 of FIG. 11D with respect to a web application.The process depicted in FIG. 37B is an example of the operationsperformed in a messaging system that supports the selection of multipleinput fields (and the subsequent assembly thereof) into a form suitablefor submission into a messaging session.

The process of FIG. 37B begins with the messaging system's receipt ofinformation regarding the input field to be identified (step 3750).Next, the messaging system obtains input field information for the giveninput field from the web application (step 3760). Having obtained theinput field information from the web application, the input fieldinformation is transferred to the messaging system (step 3770). Adetermination is then made as to whether the user has requested that theselected input field(s) are ready to be submitted to the messagingsession (step 3780). If a request (indicating that the selected in putfields are to be pushed into the messaging session) has not beenreceived (step 3790), the process loops and performs the aforementionedoperation once again with respect to one or more additional input fields(that will be assembled with the other input fields for assembly into aform and subsequent submission into the messaging session). If a requestto submit the selected input fields has been received (indicating thatno further input fields are to be identified) (step 3790), an indicationthat the identification of input field(s) is complete, is provided (step3795). The selected fields are then submitted (step 3796). The processthen concludes. As will be appreciated from the present disclosure, theinformation in the selected fields can be sent either by way of anautomatic communications between the messaging server (e.g., an XMPPserver) and the customer's interface (i.e., browser), or thecommunication can be performed as a result of the agent's selection of asubmission button, as discuss elsewhere herein.

FIG. 38 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in transferring a dynamic form from a web application to amessaging system, according to embodiments of the present invention.FIG. 38 depicts a process in the manner of step 1184 of FIG. 11D withrespect to a web application. The process depicted in FIG. 38 is anexample of the operations that can be performed in transferring anobject and/or object information from a web application to a messagingsystem. The process of FIG. 38 begins with the receipt of dynamic forminformation (DFI) from the web application (step 3800). Initially, adetermination can be made as to whether the DFI received is complete(step 3810). If the DFI was not successfully transferred for somereason, the messaging system provides an indication to this effect (step3815). Such a problem can be, for example, the receipt of an incompleteDFI, a problem occurring during the transfer of the DFI, or some otherunexpected event. As part of indicating the occurrence of such afailure, the type of problem having occurred (e.g., the previousexamples) can also be provided. Further, in a manner comparable to thatdescribed earlier in such situations, the messaging system can thenswitch the messaging session to text-based messaging, in the mannernoted in connection with earlier figures (step 3817). At this point, theprocess of FIG. 38 then concludes (though a text-based messaging sessioncan proceed in the earlier-described manner).

If the DFI is successfully received (e.g., is complete) (step 3810), adetermination is made as to whether the transfer of the object and/orobject information is a single field transfer of a multiple fieldtransfer (step 3820). If the transfer is a single field transfer (step3820), the DFI for the single field is transferred to the messagingsystem (step 3825). A determination is then made as to whether thesingle field transfer was successful (step 3830). If a problem hasoccurred, an indication of this problem is provided, signifying anproblem during the transfer of the DFI to the messaging system (step3840). In that case, the messaging session can be switched to atext-based messaging session (step 3817).

However, if the transfer was successful (step 3830), a determination isthen made as to whether any other DFI's remained to be transferred tothe messaging system (step 3850). As will be appreciated in light of thepresent disclosure, this determination allows for multiple DFO elementsto be aggregated into the form that will ultimately be submitted intothe messaging session. The set of operations that make up this loop arean example of a concept referred to herein as assembly operations. If nofurther DFI's remain to be transferred (step 3850), an indication isprovided as to the successful transfer of the DFI (object and/or objectinformation) from the web application to the messaging system (step3855).

Returning to the determination as to whether the transfer is a singlefield transfer or a multiple field transfer (step 3820), if the transferis a multiple field transfer, the input fields involved are assembled inorder to create the desired form (step 3860). In certain embodiments,such assembly involves the assembly of the DFI for each of the inputfields. Once the input fields have been assembled in this manner (step3860), the now-assembled DFI is transferred to the messaging system(step 3870). The process then loops, waiting for the transfer of thedynamic form information to complete (step 3880). Once the transfer ofthe assembled DFI has completed (step 3880), a determination is made asto whether the transfer was successful (step 3830). If a problem occursduring the transfer, an indication is provided as to the occurrence of aproblem during the transfer of the assembled DFI to the messaging system(step 3840), and the process concludes.

If the transfer is successful (step 3830), a determination is made as towhether any DFI (whether single field transfers or multiple fieldtransfers) remain (step 3850). If further DFI's remain to betransferred, the process loops to the receipt of such DFI's from one oranother of the web applications (step 3800). If no further DFI's remainto be transferred (step 3850), an indication of the successful transferof the DFI's in question from the web application to the messagingsystem is provided (step 3855). The process then concludes.

FIG. 39 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in pushing a dynamic form via a messaging system, according toembodiments of the present invention. FIG. 39 depicts a process in themanner of step 1190 of FIG. 11D with respect to a web application. Theprocess depicted in FIG. 39 is an example of the operations performed inpushing an object and/or object information (e.g., a dynamic form and/ordynamic form information) to a client via a web server and networkcoupled there between.

The process of FIG. 39 begins with the receipt of dynamic forminformation at a messaging application (step 3900). The messagingapplication then displays a dynamic form using the dynamic forminformation (step 3910). The messaging application then awaits a commandto push the dynamic form thus received to a client (step 3920). Such anevent can be, for example, a user's selection of a send button (step3920). Upon receiving a command to push the dynamic form to the client(step 3920), the dynamic form framework sends the dynamic forminformation to the messaging server (step 3930). A message including thedynamic form is then generated by the messaging server using the dynamicform information (step 3940). A message containing the dynamic form,having now been generated, is then transferred from the messaging serverto the web server (step 3950). Once the web server has received themessage, the web server pushes the message to the client (step 3960).

FIG. 40 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of operationsperformed in receiving a dynamic form at a messaging system, accordingto embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 40 depicts a process inthe manner of step 1194 of FIG. 11D with respect to a web application.The process depicted in FIG. 40 is an example of the operationsperformed upon the receipt of a response from a client system to itsreceipt of a message including a dynamic form.

The process of FIG. 40 begins with the processing of the message(containing one or more input values) by the web server (step 4000).Once this message has been processed by the web server, the message ispassed from the web server to the messaging server of the messagingsystem (step 4010). The messaging server extracts the input value(s)from the message (step 4020) and passes the input value(s) thusextracted from the messaging server to the messaging application (step4030). Once the messaging application has received the input value(s),the messaging application displays the message and input value(s)contained therein (step 4040). As will be appreciated in light of thepresent disclosure, the actual value(s) of the such input value(s) maybe masked, in order to maintain the confidentiality of the informationconveyed thereby. Further, such values may be maintained in an encrypted(or otherwise secure state) while being conveyed through the messagingsystem, in order to provide enhanced security thereof while transitingthe messaging system. In addition to passing the input value(s) to theappropriate messaging application, the messaging server in the presentexample is configured to automatically pass the input value(s) thusreceived, from the messaging application to the web application via theweb server (step 4050).

User Interface Examples in a Messaging System Supporting WebApplications

FIG. 41A is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, in which customer information is depicted. FIG. 41Adepicted examples of an agent chat dialogue 4100 and a web applicationdialogue 4110, and so provides an example of the information that acustomer service agent might be presented with, during a messagingsession. Also illustrated is a user interface for entering suchinformation into a web application that the agent might employ inproviding assistance to a customer.

As illustrated in FIG. 41A, agent chat dialogue 4100 reflects suchcustomer information (depicted in FIG. 41A as customer information 4115a, 4115 b, and 4115 c (corresponding to a customer's job title, contactinformation, and physical address, in the example of FIG. 41A).Correspondingly, web application dialogue 4110 includes a variety ofcustomer information fields 4120, which facilitate the entry of suchinformation into a web application (not shown). In the example presentedin FIG. 41A, the customer service agent must somehow convey customerinformation 4115 a, 4115 b, and 4115 c into customer information fields4120, in order to be able to enter that information into and work withthe given web application.

FIG. 41B is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 41Bdepicts an example of the use of a form (e.g., based on an approachemploying a structured data object, a dynamic form object, or the like).In this example, a form 4125 has been pushed into the given messagingsession, and so appears in a messaging session pane 4127 of agent chatdialogue 4100. As illustrated, the customer (“John Smith”) has enteredhis first and last name (e.g., in a first name field 4130 and a lastname field 4132, respectively). The customer has also entered his personidentification number (PIN) (e.g., in a PIN field 4134, which has beenmasked in a manner comparable to that discussed elsewhere herein), aswell as the last four digits of the customer's social security number(SSN) (e.g., in an SSN field 4136, also masked).

At this point, the customer having entered and submitted thisinformation to the customer service agent via the messaging session,form 4125 initiates verification of the customer account and contactinformation. In the example depicted in FIG. 41B, the results of theverification are displayed in a customer account verification window4138 (e.g., in the example of FIG. 41B, indicating that the customeraccount has indeed been verified) and a contact verification window 4139(e.g., indicating in the example of FIG. 41B that John Smith does notexist as a contact associated with the given customer account). Giventhat John Smith does not exist as a contact for this customer account(in the example of FIG. 41B, a fictitious company referred to as“Kingo's”), form 4125 presents the customer service agent with a createcontact button 4140.

By selecting create contact button 4140, the customer service agent cancause a web application dialogue to be displayed. Alternatively, it willbe appreciated that, in light of the present disclosure, the actions setin motion by the agent's selection of create contact button 4140 canalso be performed automatically, for example, upon an indication incontact verification window 4139 that the contact does not exist (e.g.,for the given customer). In the example depicted in FIG. 41B (in whichthe contact does not exist and the agent has selected create contactbutton 4140), the web application dialogue thus displayed ismessaging-enabled, and so is referred to as a messaging-enable webapplication dialogue 4145. As before, messaging-enabled web applicationdialogue 4145 includes a number of customer information fields 4147.However, in the example depicted in FIG. 41B, certain ones of customerinformation fields 4147 are messaging-enabled. In this example, themessaging-enabled ones of customer information fields 4147 haveassociated with them a push-to-messaging-session (PTMS) button (depictedin FIG. 41B as PTMS buttons 4150 a-4150-k). PTMS buttons 4150 a-4150 kallow a user (e.g., a customer service agent) to select one of PTMSbuttons 4150 a-4150 k in order to push a corresponding one of customerinformation fields 4147 into the agent's message entry pane, andultimately, into the given messaging session. In the example depicted inFIG. 41B, fields for the contact's first name, last name, and customer'sname in customer information fields 4147 of web application dialogue4110 are auto-completed from information appearing in form 4125 (though,as will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure, suchinformation need not actually be displayed in such a form in order to bemade available to other applications, as the customer's name in thisexample and other information in subsequent examples demonstrate).

FIG. 41C is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichthe creation of a dynamic form is depicted. FIG. 41C depicts an exampleof the use of a message-enabled web application supportspush-to-messaging-session (PTMS) functionality, thereby allowing a user(e.g., a customer service representative) to dynamically build one ormore forms for submission into a messaging session.

In the example depicted in FIG. 41C, the customer service representative(agent) has accessed a message-enabled web application, resulting in thedisplay of a messaging-enabled web application dialogue (as before,messaging-enabled web application dialogue 4145), which includes anumber of customer information fields, for example (as before, depictedin FIG. 41C as customer information fields 4147) and their correspondingPTMS buttons (as before, depicted in FIG. 41C as PTMS buttons 4150a-4150 k). As noted, the agent is able to select or more of PTMS buttons4150 a-4150 k, in order to insert the corresponding one of customerinformation field 4147 into a form 4155 in a message entry pane 4160 ofagent chat dialogue 4100. In the example depicted in FIG. 41C, the agenthas selected PTMS buttons 4150 d, 4150 e, and 4150 k, corresponding to ajob title field 4161, a telephone number field 4162, and an emailaddress field 4163. By selecting these fields, the agent is able tobuild form 4155 in message entry pane 4160. In terms of the constructsdepicted in FIG. 34, these operations are the result of the given webapplication transferring information (e.g., elements of the DFO'sstructured data) to the messaging system, which, in turn, assembles thisinformation (e.g., elements) into the form presented to the agent in themessaging application.

As will be appreciated from the present disclosure (e.g., FIGS. 30 and31 and their associated descriptions), the messagingapplication/messaging system may provide the agent with the ability toedit the information in a form such as form 4155 as a whole, including,for example, the ability to delete one or more input fields presently inthe form, change fonts, change font size, change shading, re-order inputfields, and make other such revisions to the form. Further, in the casein which one or more fields (e.g., such as those depicted in FIGS.41B-41F) are selected and appear in message entry pane 4160 (e.g., form4155), each such element can be individually modified and/or deleted. Tothis end, form 4155 provides a number of field edit buttons (depicted inFIG. 41C as field edit buttons 4161 a-4161 c) and field deletion buttons(depicted in FIG. 41C as field deletion buttons 4162 a-4162 c). Thus,the functionality in this regard can be provided in a manner comparableto that discussed with regard to FIGS. 30 and 31, as noted, except thatsuch functionality can be provided on a per-field basis (and can even becombined therewith). Further still, such functionality can be configuredto allow modification/editing of the labels used to identify each field(e.g., if a label is not intuitive to the customer (e.g., due to itsimplementation as an agent-side application), the agent can edit thefield to be more intuitive and useful to the customer.

Once the agent has selected the desired fields for form 4155, the agentcan then select a send button 4165, which submits form 4155 into theagent's messaging session pane (as before, messaging session pane 4127)in agent chat dialogue 4100. In terms of the constructs depicted in FIG.34, these operations result in the messaging system packaging the givenform into a message, and providing the message to the client system fordisplay in the client system's browser.

FIG. 41D is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichthe insertion of a dynamic form into a web chat is depicted. FIG. 41Dillustrates an example in which agent chat dialogue 4100 andmessaging-enabled web application dialogue 4145 are in a statesubsequent to the agent's selection of send button 4165. In the scenariodepicted in FIG. 41D, form 4155 has been submitted into the givenmessaging session, and so transferred from message entry pane 4160 formdisplay in messaging session pane 4127 as a form 4170. As can be seentherein, form 4170 includes a request for the contact's job title,telephone number, and email address. A form comparable to form 4170 isalso presented to the other messaging session participant(s), who thencomplete that form and submit the completed form back into the messagingsession.

FIG. 41E is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichinformation from a dynamic form automatically populates certain fieldsof the web application's user interface. FIG. 41E depicts the next phaseof the example, in which agent chat dialogue 4100 and messaging-enabledweb application dialogue 4145 reflect the results of a customer'scompletion of a form and submission of that completed form into themessaging session. At this point, the other user (e.g., the customer)has completed the version of form 4170 displayed in their chat dialogue,and has submitted the completed form into the messaging session. Thissubmitted form appears in messaging session pane 4127 as a form 4175.The messaging system then transfers the information thus provided to theappropriate customer information fields of messaging-enabled webapplication dialogue 4145, and more specifically, to job title field4161, telephone number field 4162, and email address field 4163.

FIG. 41F is a block diagram illustrating another example of an agentdialogue presented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichinformation from a dynamic form automatically populates certain fieldsof the web application's user interface. In the scenario depicted inFIG. 41F, the example continues with the provision by the customer ofthe information (address information) depicted in form 4180 of FIG. 41F.A form soliciting such information from the customer is built by theagent by selecting the appropriate ones of PTMS buttons 4150 f-4150 j.

The foregoing operations, in the aggregate, are referred to herein asdynamic form generation (e.g., as depicted in FIGS. 41A, 41B, 41C, 41D,41E, and 41F). As will be appreciated in light of the presentdisclosure, such dynamic form generation can be combined with the use ofpre-defined forms (e.g., as depicted in FIGS. 27, 28, and 29). Forexample, in the CRM context, dynamic form generation can be combinedwith predefined forms by using various criteria (e.g., historical usagefor a given agent, agents in a given area, and the like) to determinethe configuration of the pre-defined forms presented to an agent. Insuch an approach, an agent's repetitively pushing certain input fieldsinto a messaging session with a given customer may be used to suggestnew pre-defined forms that the messaging system can present to the agentwhenever the given customer is being assisted. Further, as will beappreciated in light of the aforementioned figures, the agent is also atliberty to create a form that includes all the fields needed to completethe corresponding fields of messaging-enable web application dialogue4145 (or other alternative combinations thereof, based on relationshipstherebetween, ease of use for the customer, and/or other suchconsiderations), demonstrating the flexibility of a messaging systemaccording to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 42A is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichthe web application's user interface provides support for input fieldselection/submission functionality. FIG. 42A depicts a scenario in whichan agent chat dialogue 4200 and a messaging-enabled web applicationdialogue 4205 are employed by a user such as an agent to solicitinformation from another user (e.g., such as a customer). In the exampledepicted in FIG. 42A, messaging-enabled web application dialogue 4205includes a number of customer information fields (depicted in FIG. 42Aas customer information fields 4210). Corresponding to certain ones ofcustomer information fields 4210 are PTMS buttons 4215 a-4215 k. PTMSbuttons 4215 a-4215 k can be selected by a user such as the agent inorder to indicate that the input field(s) corresponding thereto shouldbe added to a form being generated in a message entry pane of agent chatdialogue 4200. In the scenario depicted in FIG. 42A, PTMS buttons 4215a, 4215 b, and 4215 c have been selected by the agent. Such selection issignified in FIG. 42A by the darkening of the aforementioned PTMSbuttons.

Moreover, a “select all” button (depicted in FIG. 42A as a select allfields button 4216) can be provided in order to simplify the agent'swork in preparing and submitting a form including the desired fields. Infact, once such an operation is performed (having prepared a “draft” ofthe form by submitting all the fields, e.g.), the agent can then editthe form thus created in a manner such as that described elsewhereherein. As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure, avariety of groupings can be employed in order to simplify the agent'swork in preparing and submitting a form into a given messaging session(e.g., an address PTMS button to push the requisite address fields intoa given form), after which editing of the form can be performed, as maybe necessary and/or desired. Further still, historical information canserve as the basis for creating such forms (e.g., a PTMS button thatallows the agent to create a form like the last one created, or the lastone create for a given client/situation, or the like). As will beappreciated in light of the present disclosure, a wide variety of suchalternatives are possible, and are intended to come within the scope ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 42B is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichthe use of selection/submission functionality is depicted. Once the userhas selected the desired PTMS buttons, the agent can select a submitbutton 4220, in order to submit the input fields selected using the PTMSbuttons, into a message entry pane 4230 as a form 4235. In the presentexample, PTMS buttons 4215 d, 4215 e, and 4215 k have been selected(given that the contact's first and last names, as well as customername, have been auto-completed in the manner described in connectionwith FIGS. 41A-41F), and thus, upon selection of submit button 4220, themessaging system submits a job title field 4240, a telephone numberfield 4242, and an email address field 4244 of customer informationfield 4210. Job title field 4240, telephone number field 4242, and emailaddress field 4244 are then used by the messaging system to generateform 4235.

FIG. 42C is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichthe use of selection/submission functionality is further depicted. FIG.42C depicts the state of agent chat dialogue 4200 subsequent to thesubmission of form 4235 into the messaging session. Once the messagingsystem presents form 4235 in message entry pane 4230, the agent cansubmit form 4235 into the messaging session by selecting a send button4255. Form 4235 then appears in a messaging session pane 4260 as a form4265. A form corresponding to form 4265 also appears in the customer'schat dialogue, allowing the customer to enter the requested information.Once the customer has entered the requested information, the customercan submit the now-completed form back into the messaging session.

FIG. 42D is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichinformation from a dynamic form automatically populates certain fieldsof the web application's user interface. FIG. 42D illustrates a point inthe present example in which a customer has completed the form thuspresented, and submitted the completed form back into the messagingsession. This completed form then appears in the messaging session paneof the agent's chat window (e.g., messaging session pane 4260) as a form4270. At this juncture, the information provided in form 4270 isavailable to the messaging system. The messaging system can thenautomatically populate the appropriate fields of messaging-enabled webapplication dialogue 4205 (e.g., certain of customer information fields4210). In the present example, the contact's job title (“PurchasingMgr”) is automatically obtained from form 4270 and used to populate jobtitle field 4240. Similarly, the contact's telephone number(“555-765-4321”) is used to automatically populate telephone numberfield 4242, and the contact's email address (“john.smith@kingos.com”) istransferred from form 4270 and used to populate email address field 4244

Example Messaging System Communications Supporting Auto-Population ofInput Fields

FIG. 43 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of the operationsperformed in submitting a form (e.g., a dynamic form object and/ordynamic form object information) into a messaging session, receiving aresponse thereto, and auto-populating certain input fields of a webapplication. Also illustrated are the operations involved inautomatically populating one or more input fields of a web applicationdialogue.

The process depicted in FIG. 43 begins with a user (e.g., a customerservice agent) selecting one or more input fields to be used in creatinga form to be pushed into the messaging session (step 4300). Once therequisite input fields have been assembled, the form thus generated issubmitted into the messaging session, for example, by the messagingapplication sending the message (including the form) to the serversystem (step 4310).

Once the server system has received the message, as part of processingthe message and forwarding the requisite information to the otherparticipant(s) in the messaging session, the server system sends themessage (including the form) to the client system, for display by amessaging applet executed thereon (step 4320). The server system alsosends a message (including the form) back to the messaging applicationfor display on the sender's messaging dialogue (step 4325). The serversystem then waits for a reply to this message, which will be receivedfrom the client system (not shown). Once a message is sent from theclient system in response to the original message, the reply message(including a response to the form) is received at the server system(step 4330).

In a manner comparable to that described earlier with regard to theoriginal message, the server system then sends a message (including theresponse to the form) to the client system, for display by the messagingapplet (step 4340). At substantially the same time (or thereafter), theserver system sends the message (including the response to the form) tothe messaging application for display in the messaging session pane ofthe messaging application's window (step 4345). Once this informationhas been sent to the client system and messaging application (atsubstantially the same time or thereafter) (steps 4340 and 4345), theinput data corresponding to each of the one or more input fields is usedto automatically populate the corresponding input fields of the webapplication dialogue (step 4350). Once the input fields of the webapplication dialogue have been populated, the process concludes.

FIG. 44 is a block diagram illustrating example communications that cantake place in a messaging architecture according to embodiments of thepresent invention. As depicted in FIG. 44, a messaging architecture 4400is depicted as including a computing system 4410 and a computing system4420. Computing system 4410 and computing system 4420 communicate withone another via a server system 4430. Server system 4430 can beimplemented, for example, by one or more servers (e.g., messaging system1140 of FIG. 11A, messaging system 3440 of FIG. 34, or the like), whichcan include, for example, an online chat server (e.g., an eXtensibleMessaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) server).

In operation, computing system 4410 submits a form into the currentmessaging session (depicted in FIG. 44 as a message 4440). This can beaccomplished using one of the approaches described herein, for example.Server system 4430 then sends messages to computing system 4410 andcomputing system 4420 (depicted in FIG. 44 as a message 4450 and amessage 4455, respectively), which are messages that include informationregarding the form to be displayed in the messaging session panedisplayed by each of computing systems 4410 and 4420.

Thus, message 4450 can be generated (and so displayable in the messagingsession), for example, as follows:

<form>  <label for=”...”>Promotion Code</label>  <input type=”text”.../> ...  <input type=”submit” ... onclick=”submitInChat”/>  ... </form>

Similarly, message 4455 can be generated (and so displayable in themessaging session), for example, as:

<form>  <label for=”...”>Promotion Code</label>  <input type=”text”.../> ... </form>

In turn, a user employing computer system 4420 is then able to completethe form in question, and submits their response into the messagingsession. This communication is depicted in FIG. 44 as a message 4460sent from computing system 4420 to server system 4430. The form inmessage 4450 can be generated and posted (and so displayable in themessaging session), for example, using a format such as:

Promotion+code=75starter&Referral+code=les1267& . . . .

Upon receipt of message 4460 (including the form post string), serversystem 4430 proceeds with providing the results thereof to computingsystems 4410 and 4420. Such results (the user's reply) are provided byway of messages that include formatted name-value pair (depicted in FIG.44 as a message 4470 and a message 4475).

Thus, message 4470 can be generated (and so displayable in the messagingsession) using, for example, formatted name-value pairs, in a mannersuch as:

<div class=”...”>  <div class=”pair”>    <span class=”name”>...</span>   <span class=”value”>...</span>  </div> </div>

Similarly, message 4475 can be generated (and so displayable in themessaging session) using, for example, formatted name-value pairs, suchas:

<div class=”...”>          <div class=”pair”>    <spanclass=”name”>...</span>    <span class=”value”>...</span>       </div></div>

FIG. 45 is a block diagram illustrating example user interfacesdisplayed during the creation of a form, submission of the newly-createdform into a messaging session (depicted in FIG. 45 as a messagingsession 4500), receipt of input data corresponding to the input fieldsof that form, and auto-population of the corresponding input fields of amessaging-enabled web application dialogue, according to embodiments ofthe present invention. As depicted in FIG. 45, a first user's messagingsession pane (depicted in FIG. 45 as a messaging session pane 4504)displays the communications between the first user and a second user whoemploys another messaging session pane (depicted in FIG. 45 as amessaging session pane 4506) to communicate with the first user.

In operation, the communications conducted in the architecture depictedin FIG. 45 begin with the creation of a form (e.g., a dynamic formobject), which is accomplished by the first user selecting one or morepush-to-messaging-session (PTMS) buttons (such selections being depictedin FIG. 45 by the selection of PTMS buttons 4510 a and 4510 b). Theselection of PTMS buttons 4510 a and 4510 b result in the insertion ofthe corresponding input fields into a form (depicted in FIG. 45 as aninput field 4515 a and an input field 4515 b), which are ultimatelysubmitted into the messaging session between the first and second users.As part of creating the form for submission into the messaging session,the JavaScript hash table is updated to associate the label/name in themessaging session and the input identifier for the input field in theweb application's web page. This association allows information suppliedby the customer for these fields to be associated with the propercorresponding input fields.

As is depicted in FIG. 45, the form containing input fields 4515 a and4515 b appear in the first user's messaging session pane (messagingsession pane 4504) as part of a form 4520. Form 4520, having beensubmitted into the messaging session, also appears in messaging sessionpane 4506 (of the second user) as a form 4525, having been conveyed viaa server system 4530.

Having receiving form 4525, the second user provides the requestedinformation by entering input data in input fields 4540 a and 4540 b.The second user then submits this information into the messagingsession, which appears as a form 4550 in messaging session pane 4504 anda form 4555 in messaging session pane 4506. At this juncture,information identifying input fields 4510 a and 4510 b are used toauto-populate input fields 4510 a and 4510 b with the input dataprovided by the second user. This is accomplished by the JavaScript codeusing the aforementioned label/name in the messaging session to identifythe hash table entries that contain the corresponding input identifiers,and so determining which input fields in messaging-enabled webapplication dialogue 4570 to auto-populate. This operation is depictedin FIG. 45 by the auto-population of input fields 4560 a and 4560 b, andis reflected in the changes to messaging-enabled web applicationdialogue 4570.

Example Messaging System Communications Supporting Auto-Execution ofCommands

FIG. 46 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of the operationsperformed in conducting a messaging session according to embodiments ofthe present invention. The operations depicted in FIG. 46 include thesubmission of a form into a messaging session, the receipt of a responsethereto, and the auto-population of certain input fields of anapplication, in which support for operational functionality is providedto a second user (e.g., a customer).

The process depicted in FIG. 46 begins with the transfer of one or moreinput fields from an application (e.g., a messaging-enabled applicationdialogue) to a messaging application (e.g., a messaging application usedby a customer service agent (or more simply, an agent)) (step 4600).Next, the agent's messaging application sends a message (including theform in question) to the server system providing communications betweenthe agent and the customer (step 4610). At this juncture, the serversystem sends a message (including the form in question) back to themessaging application for display (step 4620). At approximately the sametime (or thereafter), the server system sends a message (also includingthe form in question) to the client system being used by the customer,for display by a messaging applet for display on the client system (step4625).

Once the customer has entered the requested information into the form,the customer then submits the completed form into the messaging session.In turn, this message (including input data provided in response to theform) is sent from the client system to the server system (step 4630).As will therefore be appreciated, an element presented to a customer ina form in this manner is referred to herein as an “execution-enabledelement.” This indicates that selection of the GUI element not onlyresults in the performance of one or more operations within themessaging system, but also initiates one or more operations within oneor more applications (e.g., one or more enterprise or web applications).The server system then sends a message (including the aforementionedresponse) to the agent's messaging application for display by theagent's computer system (step 4640). At approximately the same time (orthereafter, of course), the server system sends a message (including theaforementioned response) back to the client system for display by theclient system via the messaging applet (step 4645). At approximately thesame time (or thereafter), a call is automatically made to the serversystem to perform one or more operations using the input data providedby the customer (step 4650). The requisite operation(s) are thenperformed (step 4660). Once the server system has performed the desiredoperations (e.g., searching a help database for a solution to a problem)the server system sends an update to the application dialogue andprovides a status update in the messaging session (step 4670). Once theinput fields of the application dialogue have been populated and therequisite operations performed, the process concludes.

FIG. 47 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the operations andmessages involved in conducting a messaging session according toembodiments of the present invention. FIG. 47 thus depicts an example ofcommunications in a messaging architecture, such as a messagingarchitecture 4700, according to embodiments of the present invention. Inmessaging architecture 4700, an agent computing system 4710 and acustomer computing system 4715 communicate with one another via a serversystem 4720.

Server system 4720 supports various mechanisms to provide the requisitefunctionality to support a messaging system according to embodiments ofthe present invention. As before, server system 4720 can be implemented,for example, by one or more servers (e.g., messaging system 1140 of FIG.11A, messaging system 3440 of FIG. 34, or the like). However, serversystem 4720 provides not only servers that include, for example, anonline chat server (e.g., an XMPP server), but also support for one ormore applications (e.g., via the provision of a web server (e.g., aHyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Server)). Software modules supportedby server system 4720 can include, for example, a Cascading Style Sheet(CSS) form (e.g., “form.css”), a JavaScript module for processing theform (e.g., “form_process.js”), and a JavaScript module supportingfunctionality in the agent's console executed on agent computing system4710 (e.g., “agent_console_process.js”).

In operation, agent computing system 4710 submits a form into thecurrent messaging session, which can be accomplished using one of theapproaches described herein, for example. The form is communicated fromagent computing system 4710 to customer computing system 4715 via serversystem 4720. In the scenario depicted in FIG. 47, the customer'sresponse is used to not only auto-populate the input fields of amessaging-enabled application dialogue, but also to cause suchsubmission to initiate the corresponding operation(s).

The process depicted in FIG. 47 thus begins with the submission of aform into the current messaging session as part of a message sent fromagent computing system 4710 to server system 4720 (depicted in FIG. 47as a message 4730). In turn, server system 4720 sends a message 4740 toagent computing system 4710 and a message 4745 to customer computingsystem 4715, thereby displaying the given form in the messaging sessiondisplayed by agent computing system 4710 and customer computing system4715, respectively.

Message 4740 can be generated (and so displayable in the messagingsession) using a predefined form structure with a form identifier(form_id), for example, as follows:

<form>  <label>Printer...</label>  <select>...</select>  ...  <inputtype=”hidden” name=”form_id” value=”solution_form”/>  <inputtype=”submit” ... onclick=”submitInChat”/>  ... </form>

Message 4745 can be generated (and so displayable in the messagingsession) using a predefined form structure with a form identifier(form_id), for example, as follows:

<form>  <label>Printer...</label>  <input type=”text”.../>  ...  <inputtype=”hidden” name=”form_id” value=”solution_form”/>  <inputtype=”submit” ... disabled=“disabled”/>  ... </form>

The customer then enters the requested information into the form, andsubmits the completed form into the messaging session. This submissioncan be accomplished by sending a form post string as a message 4750 fromcustomer computing system 4715 to server system 4720. The form inmessage 4750 can be generated and posted (and so displayable in themessaging session), for example, using a format such as:

Printer+Model=PX1260S&Problem+Type=Driver+Issue&Problem+Details=The+printer+stops+working+after+driver+update&form_id=solution_form&. . .

Once in receipt of message 4750, server system 4720 communicates theinformation thus received to agent computing system 4710 as a message4760, and to customer computing system 4715 as a message 4765. Message4760 includes one or more formatted name-value pairs as well as a formpost string; message 4765 includes one or more formatted name-valuepairs. Thus, message 4760 can be generated (and so displayable in themessaging session) using, for example, formatted name-value pairs, in amanner such as:

<div class=”...”>  <div class=”pair”>    <span class=”name”>...</span>   <span class=”value”>...</span>  </div> </div>

Similarly, message 4765 can be generated (and so displayable in themessaging session) using, for example, formatted name-value pairs, suchas:

<div class=”...”>  <div class=”pair”>    <span class=”name”>...</span>   <span class=”value”>...</span>  </div> </div>

Once in receipt of message 4760, agent computing system 4710 makes aprogram call (e.g., an AJAX call) to server system 4720 (depicted inFIG. 47 as an AJAX call 4770), as a result of having received message4760. In the case of AJAX call 4770, such a call can be based, forexample, on the form identifier (e.g., form_id), using the form poststring. As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure, incertain embodiments, AJAX call 4770 is the same as (or comparable to)the form post string that can be launched in the agent's console onagent computing system 4710.

Once server system 4720 has received AJAX call 4770, the requestedoperations are performed (e.g., using the input data received in theform communicated in message 4760), and the results provided as amessage 4780. Message 4780 can include, for example, information such asa partial page update, and can also be configured to result in a statusupdate in the given messaging session.

FIG. 48 is a block diagram illustrating example user interfacesdisplayed during a messaging session according to embodiments of thepresent invention. The example depicted in FIG. 48 thus illustratesvarious communications (including various messages and forms) andchanges resulting therefrom. The scenario depicted in FIG. 48illustrates a messaging session 4800 that includes an agent messagingwindow 4810 and a customer messaging window 4815, which arecommunicatively coupled via a server system 4820. Also depicted is amessaging-enabled application dialogue 4830.

In a manner comparable to that discussed elsewhere herein, a user (e.g.,a customer service agent) selects a form for submission into themessaging session, which can then be submitted into the given messagingsession. In the example depicted in FIG. 48, the agent submits a formwith fields corresponding to the fields of messaging-enabled applicationdialogue 4830 into messaging session 4800, as a form that appears inagent messaging window 4810 as a form 4840. In so doing, a form is alsocommunicated to the customer's computing system via server system 4820,and is thus displayed in customer messaging window 4815 as a form 4850.

Once in receipt of the form, the customer can enter the requestedinformation into the appropriate input fields of form 4850. However,rather than being presented with the ability to simply submit thenow-completed form into the messaging session, the customer is presentedwith one or more buttons that allow the customer to actually initiatethe operations for which the information was requested. For example, asdepicted in FIG. 48, the customer is presented with a search button4855, which (once the requisite fields of form 4850 have been completed)allows the customer to initiate a search using the information thusentered. As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure,search button 4855 is an example of the aforementioned execution-enabledelement, the selection of which, in the example of FIG. 48, not onlysends the completed form from the customer (i.e., customer messagingwindow 4815) to the agent (agent messaging window 4810), but also causesa search to be performed by the given application (in the example, theresults of which appear in messaging-enabled application dialogue 4830).As will be further appreciated in light of the present disclosure,providing such functionality to the part requesting service (e.g., inthis case, the customer) relieves the party providing the service (e.g.,in this case, a customer service agent) of the task of initiating suchoperations.

Thus, in the manner noted with regard to the example depicted in FIG.48, the customer's selection of search button 4855 not only results inthe provision of the entered information to the customer service agent(e.g., depicted as the display of such information in agent messagingwindow 4810 as a form 4860 and in customer messaging window 4815 as aform 4865), but also results in not only the auto-population of inputfields 4870 a, 4870 b, and 4870 c of messaging-enabled applicationdialogue 4830, but also the operations involved in actually using theinformation thus provided in effecting the desired operations. In theprocess depicted in messaging session 4800, the customer's selection ofsearch button 4855 also results in the identification of a solution andits description (depicted in FIG. 48 as a solution description 4880),but also in the provision of an alert 4890 within form 4860 in agentmessaging window 4810. As can be seen, alert 4890 presents the customerservice agent with a send button 4895 within alert 4890, which allowsthe customer service agent to send the solution this identified(solution description 4880) to the customer simply by selecting sendbutton 4895. Moreover, such functionality can simply (though optionally)provide the agent with just an alert, and proceed with sending therequisite information (e.g., solution description 4880) to the customer,without any intervention by the agent. As will be appreciated in lightof the present disclosure, the automation of such operations greatlysimplifies the tasks that need to be accomplished by the customerservice agent, and thereby also provide the customer with faster andmore efficient service.

Examples of User Interface Features

As noted throughout the foregoing discussions, the use of SDOs, DFOs,and other such constructs according to embodiments of the presentinvention, allow for a number of useful and advantageous user interfacefeatures. Examples of such user interface features are now presented,along with discussions thereof.

FIG. 49 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a customerdialogue presented by a messaging system according to embodiments of thepresent invention, in which an example of input validation is depicted.FIG. 49 depicts an example of a customer chat dialogue (depicted in FIG.49 as a customer chat dialogue 4900). Customer chat dialogue 4900displays a form 4910, which is configured to perform input validation onthe information entered by, in this case, the customer (or other userentering information into such a form). In the example depicted in FIG.49, a customer service agent has submitted form 4910 into the messagingsession, resulting in the display of form 4910 in a messaging sessionpane 4920 of customer chat dialogue 4900. In this example, the user(e.g., a customer) has entered certain information into form 4910,including the customer's job title, telephone number, and email address.However, as a result of the input validation operations performed byform 4910, and upon the customer's entry of information into the fieldsof form 4910, the object's (and/or) information and functionalityassociated therewith perform input validation on the information thusentered. In the example depicted in FIG. 49, the customer has entered aninvalid phone number (by failing to provide an appropriate area code).The functionality provided in form 4910 has detected the error andprovided an indication thereof. Such functionality can be effected uponentry of the information into the field in question by either movingfocus away from that field or via an attempt to submit the informationin form 4910.

FIG. 50 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention, in which the insertion ofstructured data into a web chat, by an agent, is depicted. FIG. 50depicts an example of a messaging session from the perspective of acustomer service agent (viewing an agent chat dialogue 5000) and acustomer (viewing a customer chat dialogue 5010). In the scenariodepicted in FIG. 50, the customer service agent has submitted a forminto the messaging session (represented in FIG. 50 by a generic form5030), which appears in customer chat dialogue 5010 as a generic form5040. Generic form 5040, in addition to presenting the customer withinput fields 5045 a-5045 c, allows the customer to reset the values ininput fields 5045 a-5045 c via the selection of a reset button 5050.Once the customer is satisfied with the information they have providedin input fields 5045 a-5045 c, the customer can select a submit button5055 in order to “reply” to the customer service agent by sending therequisite information to the customer service agent in the messagingsession.

FIG. 51 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention, in which a reply by a customer,via structured data, is depicted. Continuing the example of FIG. 50, thecustomer has submitted various values or other information to thecustomer service agent in response to having received generic form 5040.In FIG. 51, a customer service agent (viewing an agent chat dialogue5100) and a customer (viewing a customer chat dialogue 5110) conductcommunications in a messaging session therebetween. At the point in themessage session depicted in FIG. 51, the customer has received acustomer form 5120 (a now-completed version of generic form 5040 of FIG.50), submitted by the agent into the messaging session (and whichappears in agent chat dialogue 5100 as an agent form 5125). To this end,input fields 5115 a-5115 c are comparable to input fields 5045 a-5045 cof Fig. At the point in time depicted in FIG. 51, however, the customerhas entered a value “Value1” into an input field 5115 a, a value“Value2” into an input field 5115 b, and a value “Value3” into an inputfield 5115 c. In certain embodiments, the messaging system supportingagent chat dialogue 5100 and customer chat dialogue 5110 conveys thesevalues from customer form 5120 to an agent form 5125, updating theinformation displayed in agent form 5125 as this information is beingentered into input field 5115 a-5115 c of customer form 5120 by thecustomer. Once the customer is satisfied with the information enteredinto input fields 5115 a-5115 c, the customer selects a submit button5130. The selection of submit button 5130 submits the completed forminto the messaging session, and results in the display of theaforementioned information in a customer results form 5140 in customerchat dialogue 5110 and in an agent results form 5150 in agent chatdialogue 5100.

FIG. 52 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention, in which the structured datainserted data into a web chat supports resubmission of the data enteredthereby. As described in connection with FIG. 51, certain embodimentsprovides for a user's entry (and possible editing) of information in agiven form. However, in certain embodiments, a user can be allowed torevise information in a given form, and resubmit that information viathe form, after having already sent that information previously usingthat form. FIG. 51 depicts an example in which such resubmission isalways allowed (indicated by input fields 5045 a-5045 c, reset button5050, and submit button 5055 remaining enabled after submission of therequisite information), while the example depicted in FIG. 52illustrates explicit control over this feature, in a comparablescenario.

In the example depicted in FIG. 52, a customer service agent (viewing anagent chat dialogue 5200) and a customer (viewing a customer chatdialogue 5210) communicate with one another in a messaging session. Ascan be seen, an agent form 5220 in agent chat dialogue 5200 includes acheckbox 5225, allowing the agent to indicate whether or not there-submission of agent form 5220 from the customer (via customer chatdialogue 5210) is allowed. In this scenario, the user has entered therequested information into the various input fields (depicted in FIG. 52as input fields 5230 a, 5230 b, and 5230 c of a customer form 5240). Atthe point in time depicted in FIG. 52, however, the customer has entereda value “Value1” into an input field 5230 a, a value “Value2” into aninput field 5230 b, and a value “Value3” into an input field 5230 c. Inthe scenario depicted in FIG. 52, the customer replies to the agent bycompleting input fields 5230 a-5230 c of customer form 5240 andselecting a submit button 5250 (the fields of customer form 5240 canalso be reset via the selection of a reset button 5255). This results inthe requested information being returned to the messaging system, aswell as the display of that information in a form 5260 in agent chatdialogue 5200 and form 5270 in customer chat dialogue 5210.

As will be appreciated in light of the present disclosure, the depictionof checkbox 5225 in FIG. 52 being “checked” (i.e., selected) allows acustomer inputting information via customer chat dialogue 5210 to changeinformation entered in one or more of input fields 5230 a, 5230 b, and5230 c, and re-submit the revised information into messaging session, asnoted. In such case, input fields 5230 a, 5230 b, and 5230 c of customerform 5240 are enabled (as depicted in FIG. 52). Alternatively, ifcheckbox 5225 is “unchecked” (i.e., not selected), the customer cannotenter new information in any of input fields 5230 a, 5230 b, and 5230 c.In that case, input fields 5230 a, 5230 b, and 5230 c would be disabled(“grayed out”) upon the original information being submitted into themessaging session (and so, the customer would be prevented from enteringany further information in these fields). Further, in such a case, themessaging system will typically also disable submit button 5250, as wellas reset button 5255, upon submission of information via customer form5240.

FIG. 53 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention, in which an example of thesubmission/resubmission of data are depicted. FIG. 53 depicts themessaging session of FIG. 52 at a later point in the interactionsbetween the agent and the customer. Having entered the requisiteinformation into the corresponding input fields (in a manner comparableto that depicted in FIG. 51), the customer is queried as to whether theywould like to make any changes to the information thus submitted. In thescenario depicted in FIG. 53, the customer does, in fact, wish to makesuch changes, and thus is prompted by the agent to do so. In a mannercomparable to that of the submission and display of the originalinformation entered by the customer (e.g., such as the scenario depictedin FIG. 51), the customer then makes changes to that information. Thecustomer accomplishes this by modifying, re-entering, or performingother such modifications (e.g., resetting the entire form by selectingreset button 5255, as noted). In the example depicted in FIG. 53, thecustomer has revised the information entered in input field 5230 a, from“Value1” to “Value4”. After making such revisions, the customer is thenable to (re-)submit the now-revised input information in the completedform (e.g., by selecting submit button 5250) into the messaging session.The revised information then appears in agent chat dialogue 5200 and incustomer chat dialogue 5210. In the example depicted in FIG. 53, therevised information appears in agent chat dialogue 5200 as an agent form5300, and in customer chat dialogue 5210 as a customer form 5310, bothof which reflect the change from “Value1” (as reflected in forms 5260and 5270) to “Valule4” (as reflected in agent form 5300 and customerform 5310).

As the foregoing examples presented by FIGS. 51, 52, and 53 demonstrate,a messaging system according to embodiments of the present inventionoffer a variety of features and alternatives thereto, with respect to anumber of aspect of such a messaging system, including, for example,control over input to the system by the messaging session'sparticipants. For example, as observed elsewhere herein, a variety ofinteractions can be made available to the remote user (e.g., customer)when dealing with a form submitted to that user, after submission of theform. In one embodiment, elements of such a form (or an entire form) canhave three different states:

1. Enabled (this is the basic case);

2. Disabled on the customer-side, with a checkbox on the agent side thatallows for resubmission of the elements/entire form thus enabled; and

3. Disabled (submit only once).

The first case is the basic case, in which the customer is provided withthe ability to resubmit information using the form. The second case (asdepicted in the preceding figures) allows the agent to control whetheror not the customer is able to resubmit the given form (though suchcontrol can also be made the purview of the messaging system). As willbe appreciated from the present disclosure, this includes the abilitynot only to enable (or disable) resubmission presently, but also to doso subsequently. In the latter case, this means that the agent is ableto allow the user to submit the form only once, but is then subsequentlyable to change the setting and so permit the user to resubmitinformation by way of the now-enabled form. Thus, for example, if theagent later determines that information that should not be changedduring the messaging session was entered incorrectly (e.g., credit cardinformation), the agent can allow the customer to re-enter/resubmit suchinformation. An example of the last case would be login information(which would typically not change during a messaging session). Suchone-time-only entries could be put under the control of the agent, ormandated by the messaging system's configuration.

Similarly, active monitoring can be provided not only to allow an agentto follow along with the customer as they enter information (e.g., inorder to point out errors, work ahead, and so on; as discussed inconnection with FIG. 5), but can actually provide the agent with theability to enter/act on information as that information is entered bythe customer. Thus, on the “agent side,” a form according to embodimentsof the present invention can, for example, provide functionality suchas:

1. Disabled fields and disabled buttons;

2. Enabled fields, but the agent can only monitor the contents of thefield; and

3. Enabled fields and the agent can actively set the value of one ormore input fields.

The first case is the basic case, in which the agent is provided withthe ability to submit the form, but cannot see any changes to the formmade by the customer or interact with any of the form's functionality(e.g., reset and submit buttons). The second case allows the agent toview one or more of the fields of the given form, while leaving thefunctionality of the form that results in actual entries being made,disabled, as to the agent. An example of such a scenario's applicationis a case in which the agent is able to review all options (includinghidden options) from a dropdown list, to ensure that the selectionstherein are understandable to the customer. The third case allows theagent to fully interact with one or more of the fields of the givenform, and so make changes thereto. An example of the last case would bea form having some number of text fields to be completed by thecustomer, which the agent could also edit, thereby providing a limitedjoint form-filling feature (e.g., allowing the agent to fix typos madeby the customer).

An example of a mechanism for allowing an agent to view informationentered by a customer now follows. In one embodiments, as will beappreciated in light of the present disclosure, input text can change asthe result of a number of actions, including keypresses, copy-and-pasteoperations, modification (e.g., by JavaScript), auto-completed entries,and the like. In such situations, such information can be obtained in anumber of ways, including, for example, a JavaScript function that iscalled (with the current input value) any time that input value changes,which can be achieved, for example, by the following operations:

<input type=text id=input_id /> <script> setInterval (function( ) {ObsInVal($(‘#inp_id’).val( )); }, 100); </script>

As will be further appreciated, the foregoing is merely an example, thefunctionality of which can be implemented in any number of ways, inlight of the present disclosure.

FIG. 54A is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialogueand a customer dialogue presented by a messaging system according toembodiments of the present invention, in which the masking of inputfields in the customer dialogue is depicted. FIG. 54A illustrates anexample in which an agent chat dialogue 5400 and a customer chatdialogue 5410 are used to convey confidential information. In theexample depicted in FIG. 54, the agent submits a form 5420, whichsolicits sensitive information from the customer. In this scenario, theinformation to be entered into the input fields of form 5420 is to bemasked when displayed in customer chat dialogue 5410, as is indicated bylock icons 5425 a and 5425 b. Thus, when the customer enters thesensitive information (e.g., as depicted in FIG. 54, a PIN and a portionof the customer's SSN), the information thus entered is masked whendisplayed in customer chat dialogue 5410. Once the customer hascompleted entering the requested information in form 5430, the customersubmits the now-completed form to the agent by selecting a submit button5435. As in form 5420, the fields of form 5430 are indicated as beingsafe for the entry of sensitive information by way of lock icons 5440 aand 5440 b. Once the customer submits the now-completed form 5430, theinformation appears in agent chat dialogue 5400 as a form 5450, and incustomer chat dialogue 5410 as a form 5455. In the example shown in FIG.54, once the agent receives the information in form 5450, theinformation is presented in clear-text, but remains masked in form 5455.An indication is provided as a result, indicating (in this example) thatthe identity of the customer is verified.

FIG. 54B is a block diagram illustrating an example of an agent dialoguepresented by a messaging system and a user interface of a webapplication, according to embodiments of the present invention, in whichthe masking of input fields in a dynamic form in the agent dialogue andautomatically-populated input fields of the web application's userinterface is depicted. FIG. 54B depicts an example in which agent chatdialogue 5400 reflects a messaging session in which a form(corresponding to a form 5460) has been pushed into the messagingsession shown in agent chat dialogue 5400. As will be appreciated fromthe example depicted in FIG. 54B, the input fields of form 5460 aremasked, as indicated by lock icons 5465 a and 5465 b. In response, thecustomer submits a form (depicted in FIG. 54A as a form 5470) containingthe requested information (e.g., a PIN and portion of a SSN). Incontrast to form 5450 of FIG. 54, form 5470 does not present theinformation contained in its input fields in clear-text, but insteadmasks this information. This can be done, for example, in order tomaintain the confidentiality of sensitive information, even after theinformation is provided to the agent.

In the scenario depicted in FIG. 54, the messaging system auto-populatesthe input fields of a messaging-enabled web application dialogue 5480,which can also be configured to mask such information. Thus, suchinformation is masked in agent chat dialogue 5400 and the formspresented therein, and is also masked when such information is used toauto-populate the input fields of a dialogue such as messaging-enableweb application dialogue 5480. By employing such auto-population andmasking functionality, the confidentiality of a customer's sensitiveinformation can be maintained while still allowing a customer serviceagent or other such user to perform tasks associated with providingservice to the customer. Once the input fields of messaging-enabled webapplication dialogue 5480 are auto-populated, the agent can simplyselect a search button 5490, in order to search for the desired customerinformation. Further, as noted elsewhere herein, the customer'sconfidential information can be encrypted upon entry into the form inquestion, and such encryption (and so security) maintained until the webapplication receives and processes the encrypted information. Thisprovides a high level of security for users of such messaging systems.

FIG. 55 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a customerdialogue presented by a messaging system accessed by a user interface ofa mobile application, according to embodiments of the present invention.The mobile application of FIG. 55 is designed to present a mobileapplication screen 5550 on a display of a mobile device used by acustomer accessing a messaging system according to embodiments of thepresent invention. In the example depicted in FIG. 55, the userinterface displayed in mobile application screen 5550 includes a mobilemessaging dialogue 5560, in which messages that are part of themessaging system are displayed (e.g., the agent's query, as to theprinter model, depicted in FIG. 55). Mobile messaging dialogue 5560presents a form 5561, which includes a printer model selection button5565, the selection of which results in the display of a thumbwheelselector 5570. By displaying thumbwheel selector 5570, the mobileapplication is able to allow the customer to more easily enter therequested information by simply “rolling” thumbwheel selector 5570 tothe desired one of a number of thumbwheel selections (depicted in FIG.55 as thumbwheel selections 5575). Once the customer reaches the desiredone of thumbwheel selections 5575, the user selects the desiredthumbwheel selection (e.g., indicated by a check mark next to the entryentitled “PX1205T” in FIG. 55). The user is then able to send thisinformation to the agent by selecting a send button 5580. Alternatively,the customer can select a reset button 5590, should the customer decideto re-start the entry process.

As noted, in an implementation such as that depicted in FIG. 55,customers employing mobile devices are able view other messagecommunications (e.g., textual portions of a messaging session, such asmobile messaging dialogue 5560), while still being able to interact witha form that an agent has submitted into a messaging session (e.g.,thumbwheel selections 5575 presented as the result of the display andselection of printer model selection button 5565). As also noted, suchinteractions are made possible by the “in-band” nature of the messagingsystem's communications and user interface.

An Example Computing and Network Environment

As shown above, the present invention can be implemented using a varietyof computer systems and networks. An example of one such computing andnetwork environment is described below with reference to FIGS. 56 and57.

FIG. 56 depicts a block diagram of a computer system 5610 suitable forimplementing aspects of the present invention (e.g., web servers930(1)-(N), clients 925(1)-(N) and the like). Computer system 5610includes a bus 5612 which interconnects major subsystems of computersystem 5610, such as a central processor 5614, a system memory 5617(typically RAM, but which may also include ROM, flash RAM, or the like),an input/output controller 5618, an external audio device, such as aspeaker system 5620 via an audio output interface 5622, an externaldevice, such as a display screen 5624 via display adapter 5626, serialports 5628 and 5630, a keyboard 5632 (interfaced with a keyboardcontroller 5633), a storage interface 5634, a floppy disk drive 5637operative to receive a floppy disk 5638, a host bus adapter (HBA)interface card 5635A operative to connect with a Fibre Channel network5690, a host bus adapter (HBA) interface card 5635B operative to connectto a SCSI bus 5639, and an optical disk drive 5640 operative to receivean optical disk 5642. Also included are a mouse 5646 (or otherpoint-and-click device, coupled to bus 5612 via serial port 5628), amodem 5647 (coupled to bus 5612 via serial port 5630), and a networkinterface 5648 (coupled directly to bus 5612).

Bus 5612 allows data communication between central processor 5614 andsystem memory 5617, which may include read-only memory (ROM) or flashmemory (neither shown), and random access memory (RAM) (not shown), aspreviously noted. The RAM is generally the main memory into which theoperating system and application programs are loaded. The ROM or flashmemory can contain, among other code, the Basic Input-Output system(BIOS) which controls basic hardware operation such as the interactionwith peripheral components. Applications resident with computer system5610 are generally stored on and accessed via a computer-readablemedium, such as a hard disk drive (e.g., fixed disk 5644), an opticaldrive (e.g., optical drive 5640), a floppy disk unit 5637, or otherstorage medium.

Storage interface 5634, as with the other storage interfaces of computersystem 5610, can connect to a standard computer-readable medium forstorage and/or retrieval of information, such as a fixed disk drive5644. Fixed disk drive 5644 may be a part of computer system 5610 or maybe separate and accessed through other interface systems. Modem 5647 mayprovide a direct connection to a remote server via a telephone link orto the Internet via an internet service provider (ISP). Networkinterface 5648 may provide a direct connection to a remote server via adirect network link to the Internet via a POP (point of presence).Network interface 5648 may provide such connection using wirelesstechniques, including digital cellular telephone connection, CellularDigital Packet Data (CDPD) connection, digital satellite data connectionor the like.

Many other devices or subsystems (not shown) may be connected in asimilar manner (e.g., document scanners, digital cameras and so on).Conversely, all of the devices shown in FIG. 56 need not be present topractice the present invention. The devices and subsystems can beinterconnected in different ways from that shown in FIG. 56. Theoperation of a computer system such as that shown in FIG. 56 is readilyknown in the art and is not discussed in detail in this application.Code to implement the present invention can be stored incomputer-readable storage media such as one or more of system memory5617, fixed disk 5644, optical disk 5642, or floppy disk 5638. Theoperating system provided on computer system 5610 may be MS-DOS®,MS-WINDOWS®, UNIX®, Linux®, or another such operating system.

Moreover, regarding the signals described herein, those skilled in theart will recognize that a signal can be directly transmitted from afirst block to a second block, or a signal can be modified (e.g.,amplified, attenuated, delayed, latched, buffered, inverted, filtered,or otherwise modified) between the blocks. Although the signals of theabove described embodiment are characterized as transmitted from oneblock to the next, other embodiments of the present invention mayinclude modified signals in place of such directly transmitted signalsas long as the informational and/or functional aspect of the signal istransmitted between blocks. To some extent, a signal input at a secondblock can be conceptualized as a second signal derived from a firstsignal output from a first block due to physical limitations of thecircuitry involved (e.g., there will inevitably be some attenuation anddelay). Therefore, as used herein, a second signal derived from a firstsignal includes the first signal or any modifications to the firstsignal, whether due to circuit limitations or due to passage throughother circuit elements which do not change the informational and/orfinal functional aspect of the first signal.

FIG. 57 is a block diagram depicting a network architecture 5700 inwhich client systems 5710, 5720 and 5730, as well as storage servers5740A and 5740B (any of which can be implemented using computer system5710), are coupled to a network 5750. Storage server 5740A is furtherdepicted as having storage devices 5760A(1)-(N) directly attached, andstorage server 5740B is depicted with storage devices 5760B(1)-(N)directly attached. Storage servers 5740A and 5740B are also connected toa SAN fabric 5770, although connection to a storage area network is notrequired for operation of the invention. SAN fabric 5770 supports accessto storage devices 5780(1)-(N) by storage servers 5740A and 5740B, andso by client systems 5710, 5720 and 5730 via network 5750. Intelligentstorage array 5790 is also shown as an example of a specific storagedevice accessible via SAN fabric 5770.

With reference to computer system 5610, modem 5647, network interface5648 or some other method can be used to provide connectivity from eachof client computer systems 5710, 5720 and 5730 to network 5750. Clientsystems 5710, 5720 and 5730 are able to access information on storageserver 5740A or 5740B using, for example, a web browser or other clientsoftware (not shown). Such a client allows client systems 5710, 5720 and5730 to access data hosted by storage server 5740A or 5740B or one ofstorage devices 5760A(1)-(N), 5760B(1)-(N), 5780(1)-(N) or intelligentstorage array 5790. FIG. 57 depicts the use of a network such as theInternet for exchanging data, but the present invention is not limitedto the Internet or any particular network-based environment.

Other Embodiments

The present invention is well adapted to attain the advantages mentionedas well as others inherent therein. While the present invention has beendepicted, described, and is defined by reference to particularembodiments of the invention, such references do not imply a limitationon the invention, and no such limitation is to be inferred. Theinvention is capable of considerable modification, alteration, andequivalents in form and function, as will occur to those ordinarilyskilled in the pertinent arts. The depicted and described embodimentsare examples only, and are not exhaustive of the scope of the invention.

The foregoing describes embodiments including components containedwithin other components (e.g., the various elements shown as componentsof computer system 5610). Such architectures are merely examples, and,in fact, many other architectures can be implemented which achieve thesame functionality. In an abstract but still definite sense, anyarrangement of components to achieve the same functionality iseffectively “associated” such that the desired functionality isachieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve aparticular functionality can be seen as “associated with” each othersuch that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective ofarchitectures or intermediate components. Likewise, any two componentsso associated can also be viewed as being “operably connected,” or“operably coupled,” to each other to achieve the desired functionality.

The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments ofthe present invention via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, andexamples. It will be understood by those within the art that each blockdiagram component, flowchart step, operation and/or componentillustrated by the use of examples can be implemented (individuallyand/or collectively) by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, orany combination thereof.

The present invention has been described in the context of fullyfunctional computer systems; however, those skilled in the art willappreciate that the present invention is capable of being distributed asa program product in a variety of forms, and that the present inventionapplies equally regardless of the particular type of computer-readablemedia used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples ofcomputer-readable media include computer-readable storage media, as wellas media storage and distribution systems developed in the future.

The above-discussed embodiments can be implemented by software modulesthat perform one or more tasks associated with the embodiments. Thesoftware modules discussed herein may include script, batch, or otherexecutable files. The software modules may be stored on amachine-readable or computer-readable storage media such as magneticfloppy disks, hard disks, semiconductor memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, andflash-type media), optical discs (e.g., CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, and DVDs), orother types of memory modules. A storage device used for storingfirmware or hardware modules in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention can also include a semiconductor-based memory, which may bepermanently, removably or remotely coupled to a microprocessor/memorysystem. Thus, the modules can be stored within a computer system memoryto configure the computer system to perform the functions of the module.Other new and various types of computer-readable storage media may beused to store the modules discussed herein.

The above description is intended to be illustrative of the inventionand should not be taken to be limiting. Other embodiments within thescope of the present invention are possible. Those skilled in the artwill readily implement the steps necessary to provide the structures andthe methods disclosed herein, and will understand that the processparameters and sequence of steps are given by way of example only andcan be varied to achieve the desired structure as well as modificationsthat are within the scope of the invention. Variations and modificationsof the embodiments disclosed herein can be made based on the descriptionset forth herein, without departing from the scope of the invention.Consequently, the invention is intended to be limited only by the scopeof the appended claims, giving full cognizance to equivalents in allrespects.

Although the invention has been described in connection with severalembodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specificforms set forth herein. On the contrary, it is intended to cover suchalternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be reasonablyincluded within the scope of the invention as defined by the appendedclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: identifying a structureddata object, wherein the structured data object is configured torepresent structured data, the structured data object is configured tobe accessed by an application and a messaging system, and the structureddata object comprises a request element, and a response element;receiving the structured data at the messaging system; generating amessage, wherein the message comprises the structured data; and sendingthe message, wherein the sending comprises transferring the message viathe messaging system.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:requesting the structured data object, wherein the requesting thestructured data object is performed subsequent to the identifying thestructured data object.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:receiving a command, wherein the command is configured to identify thestructured data object, and the requesting and the identifying areperformed using the command.
 4. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: transferring the structured data to the messaging system. 5.The method of claim 4, wherein the transferring comprises: accessing thestructured data object, wherein the request element and the responseelement correspond to one another.
 6. The method of claim 4, furthercomprising: determining if the transferring is successful, wherein thetransferring is performed in a messaging session, and the messagingsession is configured to use the structured data object; if thetransferring is successful, performing the generating and the sending;and if the transferring is unsuccessful, switching the messaging sessionto a text-based messaging session.
 7. The method of claim 4, wherein thetransferring further comprises: requesting the structured data; andtransferring the structured data from the application to the messagingsystem.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the requesting the structureddata further comprises: instantiating a request method instance usingthe structured data object; obtaining the content for the request methodinstance; and invoking a web service using the request method instance.9. The method of claim 7, wherein the transferring the structured datafrom the application further comprises: updating the structured dataobject using the content of the request method instance.
 10. The methodof claim 1, further comprising: receiving another message at themessaging system, wherein the another message comprises responsivestructured data, the responsive structured data comprises a response,and the response corresponds to the response element of the structureddata object.
 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:transferring the responsive structured data to the messaging system,wherein the transferring the responsive structured data comprisesstoring the response in the response element of the structured dataobject.
 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: transferring theresponse to the application, wherein the transferring the responsecomprises presenting the response in the response element of thestructured data object to the application.
 13. A computer programproduct comprising: a plurality of instructions, comprising a first setof instructions, executable on a computer system, configured to identifya structured data object, wherein the structured data object isconfigured to represent structured data, the structured data object isconfigured to be accessed by an application and a messaging system, andthe structured data object comprises a request element, and a responseelement, a second set of instructions, executable on the computersystem, configured to receive the structured data at the messagingsystem, a third set of instructions, executable on the computer system,configured to generate a message, wherein the message comprises thestructured data, and a fourth set of instructions, executable on thecomputer system, configured to send the message, wherein the fourth setof instructions comprises a first subset of instructions, executable onthe computer system, configured to transfer the message via themessaging system; and a computer-readable storage medium, wherein theinstructions are encoded in the computer-readable storage medium. 14.The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the instructionsfurther comprise: a fifth set of instructions, executable on thecomputer system, configured to transfer the structured data to themessaging system, wherein the request element and the response elementcorrespond to one another.
 15. The computer program product of claim 14,wherein the instructions further comprise: a sixth set of instructions,executable on the computer system, configured to determining if thetransferring is successful, wherein the transferring is performed in amessaging session, and the messaging session is configured to use thestructured data object; a seventh set of instructions, executable on thecomputer system, configured to performing the generating and the send,if the transferring is successful; and an eighth set of instructions,executable on the computer system, configured to switch the messagingsession to a text-based messaging session, if the transferring isunsuccessful.
 16. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein thefifth set of instructions comprises: a first subset of instructions,executable on the computer system, configured to request the structureddata; and a second subset of instructions, executable on the computersystem, configured to transfer the structured data from the applicationto the messaging system, wherein the second subset of instructionscomprises a second subset of instructions, executable on the computersystem, configured to update the structured data object using thecontent of the request method instance.
 17. The computer program productof claim 13, wherein the instructions further comprise: a sixth set ofinstructions, executable on the computer system, configured to receiveanother message at the messaging system, wherein the another messagecomprises responsive structured data, the responsive structured datacomprises a response, and the response corresponds to the responseelement of the structured data object.
 18. The computer program productof claim 17, wherein the instructions further comprise: a seventh set ofinstructions, executable on the computer system, configured to transferthe responsive structured data to the messaging system, wherein theseventh set of instructions comprises a first subset of instructions,executable on the computer system, configured to store the response inthe response element of the structured data object.
 19. The computerprogram product of claim 18, wherein the instructions further comprise:an eighth set of instructions, executable on the computer system,configured to transfer the response to the application, wherein theeighth set of instructions comprises a second subset of instructions,executable on the computer system, configured to present the response inthe response element of the structured data object to the application.20. A computer system comprising: a processor; a computer-readablemedium coupled to the processor; and a plurality of instructions,encoded in the computer-readable medium, configured to cause theprocessor to identify a structured data object, wherein the structureddata object is configured to represent structured data, the structureddata object is configured to be accessed by an application and amessaging system, and the structured data object comprises a requestelement, and a response element, receive the structured data at themessaging system, generate a message, wherein the message comprises thestructured data, and send the message, wherein the instructionsconfigured to cause the processor to send comprise further instructionsconfigured to cause the processor to transfer the message via themessaging system.